The Appendicular Skeleton

The clavicle is a prospicient b one(a), but it has no medullary cavity. The clavicle supports the scapula and arms, it protects deeper structures (blood vessels, for example) in the upper chest, and it transmits partake from the arms to the axial drawing. The scapula is connect to the thorax and vertebral column by muscles. The pectoral medallion fortifys attach the upper extremities (limbs) to the axial skeleton and provide attachment sites for legion(predicate) muscles that move the upper limbs. The 2 pectoral girdles and the associated muscles form your get ups.The pectoral girdles argon in truth flexible and allow the upper limbs a great craft of flexibility. They permit sweat in many directions at the shoulder joint. The socket of the shoulder joint is small, shallow, and poorly built with ligaments. This arrangement is good for flexibility, but it is non very stable. Shoulder dislocations are because fairly common. The UPPER LIMBS (extremities) (FIGS. 8. 4-8. 8) co nsist of 60 finger cymbals 30 bones per limb. These are the bones of the arms, wrists, and hands.They include the HUMERUS, ULNA, RADIUS, CARPALS, METACARPALS, and PHALANGES. The PELVIC dampen (hip girdle) (FIGS. 8. 9-8. 11 & TABLE 8. 1) attaches the dismount extremities (limbs) to the axial skeleton, and it supports and protects the visceral organs of the pelvic cavity. The pelvic girdle is a sound and stable support for the lower limbs. slice the shoulder girdle moves somewhat freely and allows the arms a great deal of mobility, the pelvic girdle is secured to the axial skeleton by some of the strongest ligaments of the body.Its sockets, which articulate with the thigh bones, are deep and cup-like and are heavy reinforced with ligaments. Even though some(prenominal) the shoulder and hip joints are ball-and-socket joints, the thigh offernot move in its socket with the same gradation of freedom as the arm can in the shoulder joint. Flexibility in the hip joint is sacrif iced for stability. The pelvic girdle consists of the 2 HIPBONES (coxal bones). Each hipbone of a newborn baby consists of 3 bones the superiorILIUM, the lowly and anterior PUBIS, and the inferior and posterior ISCHIUM. Eventually these compound into one COMPOSITE bone.The area where they all fuse is called the ACETABULUM, which serves as the socket for the femur. The PUBIS of the hipbones meet anteriorly at the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS. The hipbones articulate posteriorly with the sacrum at the SACROILIAC JOINT. The 2 hipbones, with the sacrum and coccyx, form the basin-like structure called the PELVIS. The dishonor LIMBS (extremities) consists of 60 bones (FIG. 8. 12-8. 17) 30 bones per limb. These include the FEMUR (thighbone), PATELLA (kneecap), calf bone & TIBIA (lower leg), TARSALS (anklebones and heel bones), METATARSALS (feet), and PHALANGES (toes).