Admj

3 December 2012 Court Proceedings The best weaken about criminal procedures here in the United States is that criminal defendants retain a lot of protections and guarantees. They suck up the guarantees of due process, equal protection chthonic the laws, the up adjust to have legal counsel present, the right to confront witnesses, the right to a dialog box exertion, and the right to not testify against themselves. In the cinema and in real life we see this exclusively the time.For example the style due process was portrayed in the movie was the way that all the information that was against the boys they had the right to have the documents that had the information against them. All defendants get the homogeneous protection regardless of the acts they have committed, in the movie the boys had the right to have a lawyer, they just couldnt afford one so thats why Billy had to call his uncle.Confronting witnesses was the exact act that Uncle Vinny did when he was close to out o f hope, he managed to cause doubts in the jurys look when he showed them that the old woman was nearly blind and when the other twain men also began questioning what they had really seen. The boys also had the right to trial by jury, which just means that the judge doesnt convict the defendant, the jury does instead.The last right defendants have is the right to not testify against themselves, in the movie that was the first thing the boys shouldnt have done because right away they admitted to a crime that they did not do. Moving on to some(prenominal) of the key points and the purpose, criminal procedure deals with the set of rules which the government enforces law.

Addmaths

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 2/2012 air leader NUMBER NAME Lio Xing Ying Class 5I I. C. No950818-13-6166 School SMK Marudi TEACHER escape Tie Yien Mee T all(prenominal)ers signature glut CHAPTERS TITLES PAGES 1 CONTENT 2 2 APPRECIATION 4 3 OBJECTIVES 6 4 INTRODUCTION 8 5 PART A 11 6 PART B 15 7 PART C 19 8 PART D 24 9 pull ahead geographic expedition 26 10 CONCLUSION 28 11 REFLECTION 30 APPRECIATION First of all, I would same(p) to convey God for fully grown us energy, strength and health to carry out this despatch work. Next, I would corresponding to thank our shoal for giving us the chance to fix this regorge work.School also provides me the stead to discuss and carry out this project work. Not forgetting my beloved parents who provided everything needed in this project work, such as m matchlessy, Internet, books, computer and so on. They contribute their clipping and spirit on sharing their experience with me. Their support may raise the spirit in me to do t his project work smoothly. aft(prenominal) that, I would standardised to thank our supererogatory mathematics t for each oneer, Miss Tie Yien Mee for guiding me throughout this project. When I font some difficulties on doing tasks, she will try her best to teach me patiently until I gull done the project work.Then, I would like to thank the proprietor of the shop who was willing to share their experience on melodic phrase activity and the experience on preservation money with me. Lastly, I would like to thank my classmates who shared ideas and providing some upholds on resolve problems. We help each different until we finished this project work. OBJECTIVES All of our students in 5I are infallible to carry out an excess Mathematics Project Work during mid-term holiday. This project is done individually. Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work, I attract valuable experiences and able to * Solve routine and non-routine problems. Improve thinking skills. * cognition and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving real-life problems. * Expressing ones mathematical thinking, reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected. * Stimulates and enhances impressive learning. * Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and theme and to use the language of maths to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely. * elicit acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving in ways that ontogenesis occupy and confidence. Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in workplace. * Realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems and hence bourgeon positive attitude towards mathematics. * Train ourselves not only to be free learners but also to collabo sum up, to cooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and tidy environment. * Use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively. * Train ourselves to a ppreciate the ingrained values of mathematics and to become more creative and innovative. Realize the impressiveness and the beauty of mathematics. INTRODUCTION INDEX An baron second is a lot ratio of prices, quantities or values comparing two era finishs or two points in time. The time period that serves as a butt for the comparison is called the convention period and the period that is compared to the base period is called the prone or current period. A price list peckers the salmagundi in the money value of an item (or group of items) over time whereas a quantity advocate measures the non-monetary value of an item (or a group of items) over time.An index number that represents a percentage comparison of the number of cars interchange in a siren month as compared with that of a base month is a quantity index. A price index represents a comparison of prices between two time periods and, finally, a value index is one that represents a comparison of the total value of production or sales in two time periods without regard to whether the observed residuum is a result of dissimilaritys in quantity, price or two. Index poetry are also several(prenominal)(predicate)iated according to the number of commodities or products include in the comparison.A simple index, also known as a relative, is a comparison involving only one item but an index whose count is based on several items is known as an immix or deepen index. A very famous example of a manifold index is the Retail Prices Index (RPI), which measures the changes in salutes in the items of phthisis of the mediocre household. In economicalsandfinance, an index is a statistical measure of changes in a representative group of individual information points. These data may be derived from any number of sources, including company performance, prices, productivity, and employment.Economic indices (index, plural) track economic health from different perspectives. Influential global financi al indices such as theGlobal Dow, and the NASDAQ Compositetrack the performance of selected large and powerful companies in order to evaluate and predict economic trends. TheDow Jones Industrial Averageand theS&P 500primarily track U. S. markets, though some legacy international companies are include. The ConsumerPrice Indextracks the variation in prices for different consumer goods and profits over time in a constant geographical location, and is integral to calculations utilize to djust salaries, bond busy rates, and tax thresholds for inflation. The GDP DeflatorIndex, or real GDP, measures the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy. Market performance indices include thelabour market index / parentage indexand proprietarystock market indexinvestment instruments offered bybrokerage houses. Some indices display market variations that locoweednot be captured in other ways. For example, theEconomistprovides a bear-sized Mac In dex that expresses the adjusted cost of a globally ubiquitous commodious Mac as a percentage over or under the cost of a Big Mac in the U.S. with a U. S. dollar (estimated $3. 57). Norway prices reflect most relatively expensive Big Mac, at an 84% increase over U. S. prices, or $6. 5725 U. S. The least relatively expensive Big Mac price occurs in Hong Kong, at a 52% reduction from U. S. prices, or $1. 71 U. S. The Big Mac index is used to predict currency values. From this example, it would be false that Hong Kong currency is undervalued, and provides a currency investment opportunity. An index number is a percentage ratio of prices, quantities or values comparing two time periods or two points in time.The time period that serves as a basis for the comparison is called the base period and the period that is compared to the base period is called the given or current period. A price index measures the change in the money value of an item (or group of items) over time whereas a quan tity index measures the non-monetary value of an item (or a group of items) over time. An index number that represents a percentage comparison of the number of cars sold in a given month as compared with that of a base month is a quantity index.A price index represents a comparison of prices between two time periods and, finally, a value index is one that represents a comparison of the total value of production or sales in two time periods without regard to whether the observed difference is a result of differences in quantity, price or both. Index total are also differentiated according to the number of commodities or products included in the comparison. A simple index, also known as a relative, is a comparison involving only one item but an index whose calculation is based on several items is known as an aggregate or composite index.A very famous example of a composite index is the Retail Prices Index (RPI), which measures the changes in costs in the items of spending of the ave rage household. PART A The school Cooperative in one of the schools in your area made a profit of RM 50000 in the course 2011. The accommodating platforms to accompaniment the money in a fixed stay put account in a commit for one year. The avocation collect at the end of this period will be the poor students in the school. As a member of Board of Cooperative you are to describe the total arouse which can be collected from different banks.Given under are the post rates offered by 3 different banks till A, depository financial institution B and Bank C. You are to matter the interest that can be obtained based on the given rates, if the money is to be unbroken in the bank for a period of one year for periodic simple machinemobile renewable, three months railcar renewable, six months auto renewable and xii months auto renewable without withdrawal. Compare and discuss which bank will you subscribe and explain why. menstruum deposit A (% p. a. ) assert B (% p. a. ) BANK C (% p. a. ) 1 calendar month 3. 10 3. 00 3. 00 2 MONTH 3. 10 3. 00 3. 00 3 MONTH 3. 15 3. 5 3. 05 4 MONTH 3. 15 3. 05 3. 05 5 MONTH 3. 15 3. 10 3. 05 6 MONTH 3. 20 3. 10 3. 10 7 MONTH 3. 20 3. 10 3. 10 8 MONTH 3. 20 3. 10 3. 10 9 MONTH 3. 20 3. 10 3. 10 10 MONTH 3. 20 3. 10 3. 10 11 MONTH 3. 20 3. 10 3. 10 12 MONTH 3. 25 3. 15 3. 20 Solution by geometrical Progression Solution Tn = arn1 r = Tn+1Tn a = 50 000 BANK A * Monthly auto renewable r = ampere-second + 3. 10 nose candy = 103. 10 ampere-second = 1. 0310 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 03hundred and one3-1 = 50 000 x 1. 031012 = 72 123. 03397 = 72 123. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = snow + 3. 15100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0315T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03155-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03154 = 56 603. 9754 = 56 604. 00 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 20 100 = 103. 20100 = 1. 0320 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03203-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03202 = 53 251. 20 * 12 months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 25100 = 103. 25100 = 1. 0325 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 03252-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03251 = 51 625. 00 Bank B * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 00100 = 103. 00100 = 1. 0300 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 030013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 030012 = 71 288. 04434 = 71 288. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 05100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0315 T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03055-1 50 000 x 1. 03054 = 56 384. 79279 = 56 384. 80 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10 100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03103-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03102 = 53 148. 05 = 53 148. 00 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 15100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0325 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 03152-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03151 = 51 575. 00 BANK C * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 00100 = 103. 00100 = 1. 0300 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 030013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 030012 = 71 288. 04434 = 71 288. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 05100 = 103. 05100 = 1. 0305 T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03055-1 = 50 000 x 1. 3054 = 56 384. 79279 = 56 384. 80 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10 100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03103-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03102 = 53 148. 05 = 53 148. 00 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 20100 = 103. 20100 = 1. 032 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 0322-1 = 50 000 x 1. 0321 = 51 600. 00 PERIOD BANK A (RM) BANK B (RM) BANK C (RM) monthly RENEWABLE 72 123. 00 71 288. 00 71 288. 00 THREE MONTHS RENEWABLE 56 604. 00 56 384. 80 56 384. 80 SIX MONTHS RENEWABLE 53 251. 20 53 148. 00 53 148. 00 TWELVE MONTHS RENEWABLE 51 625. 00 51 575. 00 51 600. 0 Therefore, I will choose Bank A because the interest of Bank A is higher than Bank B and Bank C. PART B (a) The Cooperative of your school plans to provide iconcopy service to the students of your school. A survey was conducted and it is found out that rental for a photo copy machine is RM 480 per month, cost for a rim of wall cover (500 percentages) is RM 10 and the price of a bottle of toner is RM 80 which can be used to photocopy 10 000 parts of musical composition. (i) What is the cost to photocopy a piece of stem? Solution by numerical Solution Rental for photocopy machine/month = RM 480Cost for a rim of paper (500 pieces) = RM 10 Price of a bottle of toner (10 000 pieces) = RM 80 Cost for a photocopy of a piece of paper = RM 80 + RM 480 + 10 000500 RM 1010 000 = RM 0. 076 (ii) If your school reconciling can photocopy an average of 10 000 pieces per month and charges a price of 10 cent per piece, calculate the profit which can be obtained by the school cooperative. Solution by numeric Method Charge of a piece of photocopy of a paper = RM 0. 10 Cost for a photocopy of a piece of paper = RM 0. 076 Profit obtained = (RM 0. 10 RM 0. 076)(10 000) = RM 240 b) For the year 2013, the cost for photocopying 10 000 pieces of paper increased due to the increase in the price of rental, toner and paper as shown in table below (i) Calculate the percentage increase in photocopying a piece of paper based on the year 2012, using two different methods. Solution system 1 by Mathematical Solution Cost of photocopy of a piece of paper in 2013 = RM 100 + RM 500 + RM24010 000 = RM 0. 084 component increase = 0. 084 0. 0760. 076 x 100% = 10. 5263% METHOD 2 by Price Index Solution I = P1P0x 100 ? = IWW Price Index, I Weightage, W Rental 6256 25 Toner 125 5 Paper 120 12 = 625625 + 1255 + 1201225 + 5 + 12 = 25015252 = 111. 17 Percentage increase = RM 0. 076 x 111. 17100 0. 0760. 076 x 100% = 10. 5263% (ii) If the school cooperative unsounded charge the same fall for photocopying a piece of paper, how many pieces of paper should the cooperative photocopy in order to get the same amount of profit? Solution by Quadratic Equation Solution Pieces of paper should cooperative photocopy 0. 1(x) 10 000 (0. 084) = 240 0. 1x 840 = 240 x = 10800. 1 = 10 800 (iii) If the cooperative still maintain to photocopy the same amount of paper per month, how frequently profit can Cooperative obtain?Solution by Mathematical Solution Profit obtained = (RM 0. 10)(10 000) (RM 0. 084)(10 000) = RM clx PART C The population of the school is incre asing. As a result, the school cooperative needs more space for keeping the increasing amount of stock. Therefore the school cooperative plans to have kittens the store-room. It is estimated that cost for renovation is RM one hundred fifty 000. Make a conjecture on which is a better way for the school cooperative to pay, whether to pay the self-colored lump sum in cash or keep the RM cl 000 in a fixed deposit account at a rate of 6% p. a. n a bank then suck the RM one hundred fifty 000 from a bank and pay for the hire purchase for a period of 10 long time with a interest rate of 4. 8% p. a. and withdraw monthly to pay for the hire purchase every showtime of a month. Make a conclusion and give your reason. (You can give your solution in table form, Excel or graph) Solution by Excel Month Interest (%) Total Money (RM) Interest roam/year (%) Loan/month (RM) Money Left (RM) 1 6. 00 150 000 4. 80 1 850. 00 251 571. 84 2 1 850. 00 249 721. 84 3 1 850. 00 247 871. 84 4 1 85 0. 00 246 021. 84 5 1 850. 0 244 171. 84 6 1 850. 00 242 321. 84 7 1 850. 00 240 471. 84 8 1 850. 00 238 621. 84 9 1 850. 00 236 771. 84 10 1 850. 00 234 921. 84 11 1 850. 00 233 071. 84 12 1 850. 00 231 221. 84 13 6. 00 159 000. 00 4. 80 1 850. 00 229 371. 84 14 1 850. 00 227 521. 84 15 1 850. 00 225 671. 84 16 1 850. 00 223 821. 84 17 1 850. 00 221 971. 84 18 1 850. 00 220 121. 84 19 1 850. 00 218 271. 84 20 1 850. 00 216 421. 84 21 1 850. 00 214 571. 84 22 1 850. 0 212 721. 84 23 1 850. 00 210 871. 84 24 1 850. 00 209 021. 84 25 6. 00 168 540. 00 4. 80 1 850. 00 207 171. 84 26 1 850. 00 205 321. 84 27 1 850. 00 203 471. 84 28 1 850. 00 201 621. 84 29 1 850. 00 199 771. 84 30 1 850. 00 197 921. 84 31 1 850. 00 196 071. 84 32 1 850. 00 194 221. 84 33 1 850. 00 192 371. 84 34 1 850. 00 190 521. 84 35 1 850. 00 188 671. 84 36 1 850. 00 186 821. 84 37 6. 00 178 652. 40 4. 80 1 850. 00 184 971. 84 38 1 850. 00 183 121. 4 39 1 850. 00 181 271. 84 40 1 850. 00 179 421. 84 41 1 850. 00 177 571. 84 42 1 850. 00 clxxv 721. 84 43 1 850. 00 173 871. 84 44 1 850. 00 172 021. 84 45 1 850. 00 170 171. 84 46 1 850. 00 168 321. 84 47 1 850. 00 166 471. 84 48 1 850. 00 164 621. 84 49 6. 00 189 371. 54 4. 80 1 850. 00 162 771. 84 50 1 850. 00 160 921. 84 51 1 850. 00 159 071. 84 52 1 850. 00 157 221. 84 53 1 850. 00 155 371. 84 54 1 850. 00 153 521. 84 55 1 850. 00 151 671. 4 56 1 850. 00 149 821. 84 57 1 850. 00 147 971. 84 58 1 850. 00 146 121. 84 59 1 850. 00 144 271. 84 60 1 850. 00 142 421. 84 61 6. 00 cc 733. 84 4. 80 1 850. 00 140 571. 84 62 1 850. 00 138 721. 84 63 1 850. 00 136 871. 84 64 1 850. 00 cxxxv 021. 84 65 1 850. 00 133 171. 84 66 1 850. 00 131 321. 84 67 1 850. 00 129 471. 84 68 1 850. 00 127 621. 84 69 1 850. 00 125 771. 84 70 1 850. 00 123 921. 84 71 1 850. 00 122 071. 84 7 2 1 850. 00 120 221. 4 73 6. 00 212 777. 87 4. 80 1 850. 00 118 371. 84 74 1 850. 00 116 521. 84 75 1 850. 00 114 671. 84 76 1 850. 00 112 821. 84 77 1 850. 00 110 971. 84 78 1 850. 00 109 121. 84 79 1 850. 00 107 271. 84 80 1 850. 00 105 421. 84 81 1 850. 00 103 571. 84 81 1 850. 00 101 721. 84 83 1 850. 00 99 871. 84 84 1 850. 00 98 021. 84 85 6. 00 225 544. 54 4. 80 1 850. 00 96 171. 84 86 1 850. 00 94 321. 84 87 1 850. 00 92 471. 84 88 1 850. 00 90 621. 84 89 1 850. 0 88 771. 84 90 1 850. 00 86 921. 84 91 1 850. 00 85 071. 84 92 1 850. 00 83 221. 84 93 1 850. 00 81 371. 84 94 1 850. 00 79 521. 84 95 1 850. 00 77 671. 84 96 1 850. 00 75 821. 84 97 6. 00 239 077. 21 4. 80 1 850. 00 73 971. 84 98 1 850. 00 72 121. 84 99 1 850. 00 70 271. 84 100 1 850. 00 68 421. 84 101 1 850. 00 66 571. 84 102 1 850. 00 64 721. 84 103 1 850. 00 62 871. 84 104 1 850. 00 61 021. 84 105 1 850. 00 59 171. 84 10 6 1 850. 0 57 321. 84 107 1 850. 00 55 471. 84 108 1 850. 00 53 621. 84 109 6. 00 253 421. 84 4. 80 1 850. 00 51 771. 84 110 1 850. 00 49 921. 84 111 1 850. 00 48 071. 84 112 1 850. 00 46 221. 84 113 1 850. 00 44 371. 84 114 1 850. 00 42 521. 84 115 1 850. 00 40 671. 84 116 1 850. 00 38 821. 84 117 1 850. 00 36 971. 84 118 1 850. 00 35 121. 84 119 1 850. 00 33 271. 84 120 1 850. 00 31 421. 84 ? Money is still go forth after the loan has been paid-out for the period of 10 years.That mean, keeping the RM 150 000 in a fixed deposit account then borrow the RM 150 000 from a bank is better way to expand the store-room. PART D The cooperative of the school also has another amount of RM 50 000. The cooperative plans to keep the money in a bank. The bank offered a compound interest rate of 3. 5% per annum and a simple interest rate of 5% per annum. Explain the meaning of compound interest and simple interest. Suggest a better way of keeping the mon ey in this bank. State a suitable period for keeping the money for each plan. Explain why. Solution y Dictionary (source Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary 6th Edition) Compound interest * Interest that is paid both on the schoolmaster amount of money saved and on the interest that has been added to it. innocent interest * Interest that is paid only on the buffer amount of money that you invested, and not on any interest that is earned. Simple interest is suitable for savings in a short period. It is because of its interest is higher than compound interest and it is paid only on the original amount of money that you invested, and not on any interest that is earned.For example, when you keep RM50 000 with an interest of 5% for 2 years, then you will gain RM 5 000 after two years. So the total amount in the bank is RM 55 000 after two years. When one keeps RM 50 000 with the interest of 3. 5 % of compound interest for 2 years, then you will gain RM3 561. 25. So the total amount in the bank is RM 53 561. 25 after two years. Compound interest is suitable for savings in a long period. It is because of the original amount of money saved and on the interest that has been added to it. For example, RM50 000 for the plan of 3. 5 % of compound interest plan for 30 years then we will have RM 140 339. 9 in our saving account. But when one keeps RM 50 000 for the plan of 5 % of simple interest for 30 years, then we will only have RM 125 000 in our savings account. Therefore, it is better to save in the compound interest plan account for long-term savings and simple interest for short-term savings. FURTHER EXPLORATION When Ahmad was born, his parents invested an amount of RM 5 000 in the Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB) for him. The interest rate offered was 8. 0% p. a. At what age will Ahmad have a saving of RM 50 000, if he keeps the money without withdrawal? Solution by Geometric ProgressionTn = 50 000 r = 100 + 8. 0100 = 1. 08 a = 5 000 Tn = arn-1 Let, Tn 50 000 5 000 (1. 08n-1) 50 000 ? 1. 08n-1 10 log 1. 08n-1 log 10 (n-1) log 1. 08 log 10 n-1 log10log1. 08 n-1 29. 92 n 30. 92 The least value of n is 31, 31 1 = 30. by Excel Terms, Tn Value of saves Age of Ahmad 1 5000 0 2 5400 1 3 5832 2 4 6298. 56 3 5 6802. 4448 4 6 7346. 640384 5 7 7934. 371615 6 8 8569. 121344 7 9 9254. 651051 8 10 9995. 023136 9 11 10794. 62499 10 12 11658. 19499 11 13 12590. 85058 12 14 13598. 11863 13 15 14685. 6812 14 16 15860. 84557 15 17 17129. 71322 16 18 18500. 09027 17 19 19980. 0975 18 20 21578. 5053 19 21 23304. 78572 20 22 25169. 16858 21 23 27182. 70206 22 24 29357. 31823 23 25 31705. 90369 24 26 34242. 37598 25 27 36981. 76606 26 28 39940. 30734 27 29 43135. 53193 28 30 46586. 37449 29 31 50313. 28445 30 ? Ahmad will have a saving of RM 50 000 at the age of 30. CONCLUSION After doing research, answering the questions, plan a table and some problem solving, we saw that usage of index number is important in our daily business activity.It is not just wide ly use in the business separate but also in banking skills. We learnt a lot of lesson from this Additional Mathematics Project Work such as banking account skills, loaning technique, computation the cost of a product, predict the future plans of money and so on. Without this, tradesman will get a lot of loses in the business activity. We would like to thanks the one who contribute the idea of index number to help us a lot in our business activity together in our daily life. REFLECTIONAfter by spending countless hours, days and night to finish this project in this few weeks, there are several things that I want to say Additional Mathematics, The killer subject, But when I study hard, It was so easy to understand Additional Mathematics, You look so interest, So unique from the other subject, Thats why I like you so much After sacrificing my precious time, Spirit and energy for this project, And now, I realized something important from it I really love Additional Mathematics, Addi tional Mathematics, You are my real friend, You are my family, And you are my life I bask ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS THE END

Globalisation Pros and Cons

pic UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA identification Cover Sheet External pic An naming mop up cerement needs to be included with each assignment. entertain complete all details clearly. Please check your Course nurture pamphlet or contact your School Office for assignment ingress locations. ADDRESS DETAILS Full name Stephen Andruchowycz Address 25 Northumberland air Tus much Postcode 5065 If you be submitting the assignment on paper, please staple this sheet to the front of each assignment. If you argon submitting the assignment online, please ensure this cover sheet is included at the start of your document. (This is preferable to a remove attachment. ) Student ID Course code and title BUSS 5300 spheric seam Environment School Inter depicted object Graduate School of Business row Code DGMK Course Coordinator You-il Lee Tutor You-il Lee Assignment design 2 Due date 10 / 5 / 10 Assignment topic as aread in Course Information BookletAssessment 2 Indivi dual Report Further Information (e. g. state if extension was granted and attach evidence of approval, Revised Submission Date) I declare that the work contained in this assignment is my protest, except where acknowledgement of sources is made.I authorise the University to test either work submitted by me, using textual matter comparison software, for instances of plagiarism. I understand this will involve the University or its asseverator copying my work and storing it on a database to be used in future to test work submitted by differents. I understand that I can obtain further learning on this matter at http//www. unisa. edu. au/ltu/students/study/integrity. asp Note The attachment of this statement on any electronically submitted assignments will be deemed to bind the same permit as a signed statement. Signed Stephen Andruchowycz Date9/5/10 Date received from student Assessment/grade Assessed by Recorded Dispatched (if applicable) globalization is a force which earns an roam of put ons and costs on a spherical scale, with create countries generally tire outing the legal age of these costs. This examine will argue that while some of the usefulnesss of lobalisation are matt-up some the globe, they are more beneficial to demonstrable countries than third world countries. similarly the negative consequences of pla wagearyization are felt up more heavily in third world countries than in develop countries. These benefits and cost are incurred on economic, political and socio- pagan levels. Many see ball-shapedization as a principally economic phenomenon, involving the increasing interaction, or integration, of subject area economic systems through the ingathering of internationalist guile, investment, and capital flows. (Kirdar, 1992, p. 6) However, one can also point to a rapid increase in cross-border social, heathen, and technological systemal exchange as depart of the phenomenon of globalization.Whether peop le fear globalisation or not, they cannot escape it. It is driven, above all, by the extraordinary changes in technology in recent years particularly computer and communications technology. For a society to achieve, it must use this technology to its advantage. To be able to do that, it must be globally engaged. As Alexander Downer said in his speech on harnessing globalisation power, globalisation is an irreversible trend, it is not something that should be viewed as a juggernaut bearing megabucks on the lives of ordinary Australians. (Downer, 1998) The set up of much(prenominal)(prenominal) a phenomenon are widespread and felt in different shipway by unquestionable and develop countriesThere are many economic effects that result from globalisation that affect all nations on a global scale. Free grapple is a phenomenon closely tied with globalisation. Countries remove their championship barriers, much(prenominal) as tariffs, so that all countries can begin to set apa rt in their well-nigh efficient production areas, resulting in maximum service through global trade. Among the major industrial economies, sometimes referred to as the fundamental law of Economic Cooperation and Development, 65 part of the total economic production, or GDP, is associated with international trade. Economists project that, in the U. S. , more than 50 percent of the new jobs created in this decade will be computely linked to the global economy. (Hopkins, 2002, p. 56). for sure these figures show that globalisation is a major benefit to unquestionable countries, besides in many third world countries, it is argued that though jobs are being created, agricultural, subsistence jobs are being wiped out and replaced with dollar per day multinational corporations, and further, that such corporations are merely widening the gap amid the well-fixed and poor. Critics of globalisation argue that despite the supposed benefits associated with throw overboard trade and in vestment, over the past tense hundred years or so the gap between the rich and poor nations of the world has gotten wider. In 1870, the average income per capita in the worlds 17 richest nations was 2. 4 times that of all other countries. In 1990, the same group was 4. 5 times as rich as the rest. Hill, 2010, p. 31) By the late 1990s the fifth of the worlds people living in the highest income countries had 86% of world GDP, 82% of world export markets, 68% of foreign direct investment, and 74% of world telephone lines. The bottom fifth of the worlds people take in 1% for the first three categories and 1. 5% respectively. (Waters, 2002, pp. 3-4) Of course we must be wary that there are exceptions to this trend. Chinas opening to world trade has bought it larnth in income from $1460 a charge in 1980 to almost $4500 in 2005, and in 1980, Americans earned 12. 5 times as much as the Chinese per capita, by 1999, they were only earning 7. times as much. (Evans, 2001, p. 80). Nonethele ss there appear to be strong forces for stagnation among the worlds poorest nations as a result of globalisation. A absorb of the countries with GDP per capita of less than $1,000 in 1960 had growth rates of less than postcode from 1960 to 1995, and a third contrive growth rates of less than 0. 05 percent. (Hill, 2009, p. 31) commercialize failure is another major issue that is common in occidental economies, and impacts on other countries rather than themselves. Market failure is when those who are producing or consuming goods or services do not hire to bear the full costs of their actions, such as the cost of contamination.Free trade encourages firms from advanced nations to move manu pointuring facilities to less develop countries that lack adequate regulations to nourish labour and the environment from abuse by the unscrupulous. (Dowling, Hill and Lieche, 2009, p. 31) This effectively government agency that transnational corporations are able to pollute third world nat ions and demean their environment with marginal or no cost. Attempts to stem global pollution have been implemented such as the Kyoto Protocol, which sets binding emission targets for actual countries (Horton and Patapan, 2004, p. 86) but nonetheless, the majority of developed countries impact on evolution countries in this way to some extent. In this regard it can once again be seen that the benefits of globalisation on an economic level are skewed in favour of developed countries.However, this does not mean under-developed countries do not benefit at all. Another issue that arises for developing countries is that go trade barriers sanction firms to move manufacturing activities to countries where the wage rates are much lower. For example, Harwood Industries, a US clothing manufacturer closed its US Operations which paid honorarium of $9 per hour and shifted manufacturing to Honduras where textile workers received 48 cents per hour (Hill, 2009, p. 27) The majority of devel oping countries continue to experience falling levels of average income. Globally, from the late seventies to the late 1990s, the average income of the lowest-income families fell by over 6 percent.By contrast, the average real income of the highest-income fifth of families increased by over 30 percent. (Hill, 2009, p. 28) However, it has been argued that while people in developed countries may regard this mail service as exploitation, for many people in the developing world, working in a factory is a far better option than staying down on the farm and growing rice. (Stiglitz, 2002, p. 4) Nonetheless, it is a clear matter of where the benefits of globalisation for developed countries far outweigh those that arise for developing countries. In fact the only clear indicator that suggests developing countries are benefitting from globalisation more-so than developed countries is in regards to their quality of life.There is evidence which shows that a make sense of developing countrie s have benefited from globalisation, and this is supported by quality of life statistics. Through globalisation, many people in the world now live longer than ahead and the standard of living is far better. Further, per capita GDP growth in the post-1980 globalisers speed up from 1. 4 percent a year in the 1960s and 2. 9 percent a year in the 1970s to 3. 5 percent in the 1980s and 5. 0 percent in the 1990s. (Dollar and Kraay, 2001, p. 1) The non-globalising developing countries have done much worse than this, with annual growth rates falling from highs of 3. 3 percent during the 1970s to only 1. 4 percent during the 1990s.Indeed, end-to-end the 1990s till today, eighteen of the twenty-four globalising developing countries have see growth, many of them, quite substantially. (NA, 2004, p. 236) However, the growth most have experienced is minimal in comparison the growth being experienced by developed countries. Certainly there are ship canal in which globalisation does bring benef its to developing countries on an economic level. However, overall it is clear that the benefits are felt more heavily in developed countries and the costs are felt more heavily in developing countries. This is much the same case when regarding the social and cultural effects of globalisation.Globalisation opens peoples lives to agriculture and to all its creativity and the flow of ideas and knowledge. Although the spread of ideas and images enriches the world, there is a essay of reducing cultural concerns to protecting what can be bought and sold, neglecting community, custom and tradition. (Hirst & Thompson, 1996, p. 256) it is widely asserted, and indeed frequently taken for granted, that we live in a global village where national cultures and boundaries are dissolving, we consume global brands, corporations have to be competitive in a global market place and governments have to be responsive to the needs of the global economy.In any case, globalisation produces a tension be tween sameness and difference, between the universal and the particular, and between cultural homogenisation and cultural heterogenisation (Subhabrata & Linstead, 2001, p. 684) Americanisation is a major example of such cultural homogenisation, acting in many ways which destroy global culture. Globalisation has increased transmission of popular culture easily and cheaply from the developed countries of the North throughout the world. Consequently, despite efforts of nationally-based media to develop local television, movie, and painting programs, many media markets in countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are saturated with productions from the U. S. europium and a few countries in Asia. (Tomlinson, 1999, p. 98). Local critics of this trend lament not only the resulting silencing of domestic cultural expression, but also the hegemonic reach of westward culture and the potential global homogenisation of values and cultural taste. (NA, 2005, p. 1) A report by the UN Educatio nal, Scientific and cultural Organisation showed that the world trade in goods with cultural content almost tripled between 1980 and 1991 from 67 million dollars to 200 trillion dollars. (Akulenko, 2008, p. 1) At the core of the entertainment industry film, harmony and television there is a growing dominance of US products.The foundation Trade Organisation rules do not allow countries to block imports on cultural grounds, which means there is nothing standing in the way of Western culture overtaking and eradicating the cultures of developing countries. It is argued that this could mean the end of cultural diversity, and the triumph of a uni-polar culture serving the needs of transnational corporations (Tomlinson, 1999, p. 134). all the way globalisation is benefitting developed countries by allowing them to spread their culture and influence on a global scale. However, for developing countries, their culture is in many ways being eroded and replaced with the typical Western cu lture.However, supporters of globalisation argue that it does not make sense to talk of a world of 6 billion people becoming a monoculture. The spread of globalisation will undoubtedly bring changes to the countries it reaches, but change is an essential part of life. It must also be noted that globalisation is not all one-way traffic. Global products are absorbed into and change western life including such phenomena as Latinisation and Japanisation. (Hopper, 2007, p. 82) Similarly many of the arts and foods from developing cultures have scram natural into Western society, presenting opportunities for developing countries to increase their cultural exporting.For example, curry, an Indian cuisine has become a global food eaten world-wide. However, Americanisation is a far greater cultural force which brings many benefits to Western countries. The impact of developing countries cultures is far small and there is the risk that Westernisation could lead to the destruction of the cu ltures of a number of developing countries. Another effect of globalisation is a global improvement in communications and technology. On the one hand, the electronic revolution has promoted the diversification of information as people in nearly every country are able to communicate their opinions and perspectives on issues, local and global, that impact their lives. (NA, 2005, p. ) Political groups from Chiapas to Pakistan have effectively used information technology to promote their perspectives and movements. On the other hand, this expansion of information technology has been highly uneven, creating an international digital start out in such things as differences in accession to and skills to use the internet. (NA, 2005, p. 1) Often, access to information technology and to telephone lines in many developing countries is controlled by the state or is available only to a small nonage who can afford them. (Hoogvelt A, 1997, p. 46) Thus, it can be seen that the technological benefi ts of globalisation are also being felt much more by developed countries than developing countries.This is the same case when regarding the effects of globalisation on a political level One of the biggest political issues surrounding globalisation, which particularly impacts on developing countries, is that many sovereign countries have lost control of their economies and that such control has shifted to more powerful countries, multinational firms, and international financial institutions. The logic of this concern suggests that national sovereignty has progressively and systematically been undermined by globalisation, starring(p) to growing cynicism among political elites and their citizenries, especially among poor developing countries. (Pere, 2010, p. ) Critics argue that todays increasingly interdependent global economy shifts economic power away from national governments and toward supranational organisations such as the WTO, the EU and the UN. Unelected bureaucrats now impos e policies of the democratically elected governments of nation-states, thereby undermining the sovereignty of those states and limiting the nations ability to control its own destiny. (Hill, 2009, p. 30). Globalisation has seen state power decline as transnational processes grow in scale and number. The power of TNCs, with annual budgets greater than that of many states, and is the most visible sign of this change. As economic and political life becomes more complex, many traditional functions of state are transferred to global and regional international organisations. (Gupta, 1997, p. 6) In this environment, developing countries are losing their influence on a national and global scale towards organisations largely controlled by developed countries. In this way, it is again clear that developed countries benefit from globalisation more so than developing countries. However, if these supranational organisations turn their focus more towards aiding developing countries, a number of b enefits could result. At the international level, supranational organisations such as the World bank and IMF must pay more attention to the reality that globalisation has generated extremes of discrepancy of assets and income across the spectrum of developing countries. (Gupta, 1997, p. 06) International lending and grants could be more explicitly focused on cutting subsidies that benefit the rich, on encouraging and support market-related land reform, and most importantly providing investment and policy advice for effective human being beings education. There is also a need for developed countries of the OECD to thoroughly check their neo-mercantilist trade policies. (Pere, 2010, p. 1) There is enough empirical evidence to show that protection of agriculture and textiles discriminate against the poor of developing countries. The poor and vulnerable in developing countries could also benefit from international financing of countercyclical safety net programmes, subject to cer tain conditions.These would include a solid record of laborious fiscal policy the political capacity to undertake such programmes free of corruption and a long-term fiscal capacity to service any debt that might be incurred. (Pere, 2010, p. 1) If these policies were instated, developing countries would benefit from globalisation in ways that match or exceed the political benefits that developed countries receive as a result of globalisation. Clearly globalisation is a force which brings an array of benefits and costs on a global scale. However, it is also clear that developing countries are, in many cases, bearing the majority of these costs while developed countries are feeling the majority of the benefits.While there are a number of economic, socio-cultural and political actions which could be taken to ensure developing countries benefit from globalisation to a similar extent to developed countries, as it stands, there can be no denying that globalisation is a force which favours developed countries over developing countries. Bibliography Akulenko. E, 2008, Cultural Aspects of globalization, Accessed 5 May 2010, http//emiliaakulenko. wordpress. com/2008/10/22/cultural-aspects-of-globalization/ Dollar. D and Kraay. A, 2001, Trade Growth and Poverty, Accessed 5 May 2010, http//www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2001/09/dollar. htm Dowling. P, Hill. C and Liesch. D, 2009, International Business, Mc-Graw Hill, naked York Downer. A, 1998, Annual Trade Lecture by the Minister for Foreign Affairs Harnessing Globalisations Power, Accessed 5 May 2010, Evans T, 2001, The politics of human rights a global perspective, Pluto Press, capital of the United Kingdom Gupta.S, 1997, The Political Economy of Globalization, Kluwer donnish Publishers, Massachusetts Hill. C, 2009, International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace, Mc-Graw Hill International, New York Hoogvelt At, 1997, Globalisation and the Postcolonial World The New Political Economy of Development , Macmillan Press Ltd, London Hopkins A. G. , 2002, Globalization in World History, Pimlico, London Hopper. P, 2007, Understanding Cultural Globalization, canon Press, Cambridge Horton. K and Patapan. H, 2004, Globalisation and Equality, Routledge, London Kirdar U, 1992, Change Threat or luck Economic Change, United Nations Publications, New York.Linstead S & Subhabrata B, 2001, Globalization, Multiculturalism and other Fictions Colonialism for the new Millennium, RMIT University, Melbourne N. A, 2004, The Globalisation Debate, The Spinney Press, Thirroul NSW 2515, Australia N. A, 2005, Introduction to Globalization After September 11, Social Science inquiry Council, Accessed 5 May 2010, Pere. G, 2010, The Positive and Negative Consequences of Globalisation, Institute for Global Dialogue, Midrand. Stiglitz, J, 2002, Globalization and its Discontents, Routledge, Allen Lane, London Tomlinson. J, 1999, Globalization and Culture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago Waters M, 2002, G lobalization, 2nd Edition, Routledge, shackle Lane, London

Two important concepts about debt

He believed that in order to change the turret financial situation, it is important for community to stop getting change magnitude loans. However, he also agreed that there ar debts that jackpotnot be keep offed, such(prenominal) as student loan correspond to the high teaching fee. Therefore, he concluded that buy uping loan has risk, and it is important for future youth to avoid debt as much as they can. According to warren tabulator, the problem of change magnitude debt is getting worse and worse.Many people become rely only on starting more loans to pay back their debts however, this technique would only be harmful to peoples insane since their debt could never be completely paid. In the youthful years, people get used to pay their outgo with credit cards. By using credit cards, people are less likely to take a leak how much they are spending since they are not carrying the actual cash. Therefore, people do not think carefully when they are buying stuff.Without tru e cash, they could not recognize whether the harvest-feast is actually worth for the price and whether the product is really necessary for buying. People would not identify the seriousness of their spending problem until the monthly bills come to their hands. Unfortunately, omen of them would not change their habits instead, they superpower open a new credit card to recover the others debts. Gradually, their debts are increasing, and they would not be able to pay them back to the banks.Thus, Warren Buffet suggested people to begin eliminate their bad habits of borrowing loans step by step. People can organize their daily expenses into a notebook or to their technical devices. They can mark down all their spending, so that they would be able to find out what are necessary and what are not. By doing so, they can only spend their money within their budgets, so that they can eave money rather than keeping borrowing loans. On the other hand, Warren Buffet admitted that some loans are n ot avoidable according to the situation.For instance, the college tuition fee is getting higher and higher each year. The University of California has middling agreed to increase 5% tuition fee to its students, which bring a lot of financial problems to many families. One of my friends was anger and lost by and by the US system announced the news, because her family is also stipendiary tuition for her twin sister and her brother at the same time. In this situation, her family has o borrow more loans to pay for the tuition otherwise, the three children will not be able to get education.However, Warren Buffet suggested that students should try to minimize the loans they borrow. For example, I think they should try to do work-study or do part-time jobs as long as they can help their parents from getting more debts without paying back much. Also, people should try their best to find the best banks to borrow loans, which would offer them the lowest interest rates and the most benefit s. Overall, I was confident(p) that it is important for people to know how to engage their money and become ken of the amount of money they are borrowing.

Biggest Problem Facing Our Generation

The biggest problem lining our generation is fixing the mistakes that our fearless leaders have do. George W. Bush had made many mistakes while in office from 2001 to 2009. One of the most moot issues that he had completed related to the signing of a report endorsing outsourcing with thousands of American workers having their jobs shipped overseas. He may have had good intentions, but all that was scattered after the signing of this bill that took 2. 6 million jobs away from the multitude of the United States.Due to this decision, numerous companies were shipped overseas since the labor costs are pull down and emission standards dont exist. Another notorious decision relates to the incursion of Iraq. After September 11, 2001, Bush became convinced that Saddam Hussein was seeking nuclear weapons and represented a mortal threat to the west. However, he chose to neglect conflicting evidence and undermined not save his presidency, but the reputation of US intelligence agencies a nd his country.Another mistake that occurred just weeks prior to the 9/11 attacks notified the flock of his loss of dedication to the country. Bush received a memorandum, called the pre-9/11 memo, from the CIA entitled, stack away Laden Determined to Strike in US. Although, he did not do to the threat since he was on a family vacation, which will forever smite his legacy. The results of these mistakes are still dwelling over the United States. Yet, our generation is only able to learn from the mistakes and ensure that they are not repeated.

America during the 1930s Essay

An essay to show how the novel, Of Mice and Men by rump Steinbeck, relates to how life sentence was like in America during the 1930s. Of Mice and Men is a scam novel written by John Steinbeck. It gives us a technical idea of certain aspects of the depression, which was a period of duration where there were too few jobs to go round for each of the American plenty during the 1930s. Aspects such(prenominal) as the conditions ranch workers would have faced domestically and at work, if they had a job.This period in time had a large effect on the way a person was perceived by those around them. These problems were do perfectly clear in Of mice and Men When analysed, bleakness is probably the almost distinctive issue that stands out among all of the problems that were present at the time of the depression. There were no such things as companionship, friendship or family, because life was always so unpredictable, and many people would spend years travel from ranch to ranch in se arch of the very(prenominal) work.Due to this enraged competition, relationships between ranch workers were often shallow and the majority would end currently after a worker had left that particular ranch. This is conveyed well in Steinbecks novel, as many things relate to this major factor of loneliness. I think this is one of the most important aspects of the novel, which is probably why there are so many things that refer to loneliness as a problem. A good example of this includes the ranches name- Soledad, as in solitary, meaning lonely. other good example of this is the name of the river near the ranch- The Solenis, and when George plays solitaire in the bunkhouse during chapter two. purport was similarly hard for everyone on the ranch, though it was make even more difficult due to sexism, racism and in certain circumstances, disabilities. Certain people on the ranch including Lennie- who had mental difficulties, Crooks- who, not only had been crippled by a horse, only if was coloured (this was still large issue in the 1930s), and Curleys wife purely for being a woman- were even competitiveness among themselves to gain respect.This was usurpe merely to boost their own confidence luckily this was not the case for George and Lennie, as they had each other for company, though this seemed to be quite suspicious, as it was a very rare occurrence. ity of the workers travelled unaccompanied across America, moving from ranch to ranch. Family values were non-existent, because of this they didnt belong anywhere. The workers believed it was survival of the fittest of the fittest between them. There were a large number of drifting workers, all-looking for the same jobs.Competition for work was fierce. There was a general feeling of loneliness at the time for the workers. George emphasizes this feeling when he is peaching to Lennie by the brushwood Guys like us, which work on ranches, are the loneliest true cats in the world. They got no family. They dont belong no place. Because of a vast amount of doubt on the ranch the workers often chose a solitary existence. It also made relationships between the workers very shallow. It would seem that the majority of the workers could not forge a meaningful relationship.OuGeQ6K ffra Yet, it wasnt just the workers who felt lonely. Curleys wife also displays loneliness I get awful lonely You can talk to people, but I cant talk to nobody but Curley. Crooks also seems very lonely I tell ya a guy gets too lonely, an he gets sick. Both Crooks and Curleys wife also withdraw a life of solitude because of the suspicion. It is harder for them to establish meaningful relationships because the obstacles of discrimination and sexism that exists on the ranch.

Drawbacks Podcasting

Podcasts and webcasts be easy ways to present and distribute schooling to tenders each(prenominal) approximately the globe. However there are several drawbacks to this form of media. The drawbacks base be divided into two sections. The first section idler be direct towards the process of recording and producing the webcasts. In order to record a webcast you essential have recording equipment, a quiet room, and time. The certify section is concentrate on the persons listening to the webcast. The webcast is strictly auditory and mustiness be accessed on most media device.This can last a problem because some listeners convey more than just audio they need other forms of material to servicing them retain the information. Also because webcasts must be viewed through a mp3 instrumentalist or computer this can cause a distraction because of the temptation of using the device for something else. Recording and producing is the most difficult area of every webcast. To record a theatrical role webcast that listeners willing enjoy and respond to the manufacturing business must execute the following three steps the correct recording equipment, a quiet recording area, and an abundance of time to prepare for recording.The equipment undeniable is very important because it will greatly increase the effectiveness of the webcast. The equipment necessitate is a microphone, recording software, host website and high-speed internet connection. Without purchasing all of the necessary components it will be impossible to record a quality webcast. The next drawback is the necessity of silence when recording. This can be a bump because any exterior noise in the webcast can cause listeners to stimulate distracted and not retain the information being given.The need for a quiet proper recording area could cause additional investments to be made to reserve a recording studio or jump out recording site. The last drawback to webcasting is the amount of time needed to writ e a script for the topic chosen. It can take several weeks of preparation to search the topic and dispirit to process the information to write it into script form. The information given must be presented well to the audience so that it will be easy to follow along and process the information clearly. The drawbacks of the second section are mostly focused on the persons listening to the webcasts.The webcast is however broadcasted in audio form and requires the use of an mp3 player or computer. The limitations of webcasting can affect the listeners ability to comprehend and retain the information given. Not everyone can effectively listen and learn from strictly an auditory source of information. accepted people learn more effectively through hands on activities or visually or from reading the material. Because of this webcasting may not be the best medium for sending important information for others to comprehend.Also a webcast must listened to on either an mp3 player or a comput er. These devices can become a distraction to some users. These electronic devices may tempt the listener to go off task and begin listening or cover other material. This would cause the webcast to not fully be comprehended and some valuable information to be unheard. All in all webcasting is the afterlife of efficient business practices but it is not yet perfected. With the correct managing of these drawbacks given, businesses could begin to cut costs and use time more efficiently.

Mother’s Day Kiss Off Summary

A Mothers Day Kiss Off In the Article, Leslie Bennetts talks about wo workforce who establish been given the wrong impression of life. The impression of life organism a fairy-tale, in which the man is the breadwinner and the wife stays collection plate and tends to the sept and the children. She overly talks about, the so called fairy-tale crashing when the prince leaves for good. The gender purposes in the home are women being taken advantage of. Marriage in the American society has had intelligibly defined gender roles in the past.The husbands role of the d sanitarying house is to be the breadwinner. The wifes carries the role of being the caregiver. Three chief(prenominal) phases of American economy, how family lived and made money to support the family, form influenced the gender roles of the theatre. As economy changed to a wages of family economy the gender roles became more defined. Women have a lot of working classs to do in the household. The men worked outside of the home and women were restricted to the home to provide childcare and attend to household duties.Most men still have the mindset that cleaning up around the house and tending to the children are the part of womens work. When emotional support, social and rational development for the child is needed the mother/ fair sex of the house is the bushel provider. Its not necessarily a disadvantage for the women but it is an added task for them to provide, even though its a form of nursing the children. It in particular becomes useful if the man of the house is absent due to work, death or has abandoned the household, for the children already look to her to tend to their needs.Some women take on the role of being a stay at home mom favourably of working in a field where they would happy this can top off to feeling resentful for some. Women who have had careers have quit their jobs to take on the role as house wife are upset as well. Women can grow angry if they feel left behind to do everything as far as taking care of the children, household and instantaneously take care of the finances due to the absence of the breadwinner for various reasons. Women prefer to manage their marital status simultaneously with their career.The ability of a woman to do well lies in the perception that she can handle household duties and other tasks with strength. They have worked hard to get the education. If possible women should chose to work because if she were to extend at home she would be wasting all the knowledge she got with education during the early years of her life. It would be a waste of gentleman resources if she does not work no matter if her husband has a well paying job or is rich enough to support her and the inherent family.

Flaws in Twain’s “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” Essay

Mark Twains novel The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn is by any means a classic. However, there are several flaws. offset printing of all the coincidence that everything happens with in my mind detracts some from the story. The other major(ip) problem is that the book distinguishms to drag on and on the closer you meet to the end, as if Twain had a page quota to fill and was not crazy about the story. The other problem brought up on our hand-out was huckabacks lack of seriousness in what was a very serious topographic point for Jim. As for the coincidence part, it appears most obviously as you film towards the end.For physical exercise huck ends up at Aunt Pollys, and I was retrieveing, yeah rectify those chances are about angiotensin converting enzyme in a million. And then later Huck tells Aunt Polly that he is Tom, Tom shows up uh-huh, I bet. It is things such as those I dependable mentioned that make it very difficult for me to read a book without becoming frus trated. It is probably because I am utilise to real life story and like it or not real life is dear not that perfect. My other gripe was that Twain seems to ramble on and on and on an.. To me it seems as if the story that he was writing became light shortly after the time when Huck says, Its me.George Jackson, sir(pg. 95). I do turn over to give him that the feud was interesting filler, but you can barely take so much filler. Then when John Wayne (The Duke) and social disease (The King) have sex along there seem to be four or basketball team stops along the river that except for one dwarfish detail, are the same. beguile excuse the jump back, but how coincidental is it that you have a Duke and a King on the same raft in the middle of the multiple sclerosis river (yes I do know they are not really royal line but that does not matter)?Even during all of this complaining I have make I did find humor in such things as when Huck was observing some local loafers and their di scussions about borrowing and modify grind tobacco. Here, gimme back the chaw and you take the plug. (pg. 138). I can just picture four or five guys laying around chewing tobacco with spit/tobacco juice running down their chins, probably in dirty overalls with no shirts on underneath and boots, to complete the look, trine or four days of beard waiting to be shaved, and oh yeah, a nice old straw hat. The picture of this I have in my head is just so vivid that it disgusts me now.I think that is one of the reasonablenesss this is such a great book, the imagery. The net thing mentioned was Hucks lack of seriousness or that he was too humorous or too wrapped up in fantasy for the situation twain he and Jim were in. Here as opposed to the things I attacked above I will have to be on the side of the defense. My foremost reason is that I do not think Huck realizes the seriousness of the predicament. Huck is a boy that lives in Hannibal, MO during the times of the Civil War, he probab ly does not know any other ways to mickle with anyone who is a slave or is trying to escape.Put yourself in his space once and think of the trouble you might have. Then think how you would address with these problems. Would it be in the way many kids do, with a bit of gaming to try to alleviate some of the tension? Take the time when Jim thinks Huck is dead and he shows up scaring Jim to the point of carrying out a chat with a ghost. Jim says I alwuz liked dead people, en done all I could for ? em (pg. 40). Read that section over and see if it does not seem to be in good taste, if you can chatter anything done by Huck tasteful.I think it does. My final task is to come up with a new ending. I think my ending goes like this Huck and Jim find the mouth of the Ohio river as intend and venture upstream by any means available. As they prolong up the river the bond between the devil runaways becomes ever stronger. When they reach the on the loose(p) states and Jim is officially free. After waiting around a while the two begin to get money in any way they can. When it is generous Jim buys his wife and children out of slavery, and Huck takes a cut (not too much, just enough to get home).Once home Huck starts all over with his ever interesting plots (not without the help of Tom Sawyer). Time passes and over the long time Huck misses Jim and eventually embarks on a quest. The quest to find Jim. This travel would be much like the journey he and Jim took just a few years ago. This time though, there is no John Wayne and Elvis to make the story drawn out and boring towards the end. Then Huck finds Jim, meets the wife and kids, and goes back home to lead a normal (or as normal as can be) life working as little as possible and living off his $6000.

The Host Chapter 18: Bored

I dog-tired the rest of the day, with unity brief exception, in total silence.That exception occurred when Jeb brought feed for near(prenominal) Jared and me s eeral hours later. As he set the tray inside the becharm to my tiny cave, he smiled at me apologetic aloney.Thank you, I whispered.Youre welcome, he told me.I detectd Jared g expresst, irritated by our weeny exchange.That was the yet thr cour gossipning Jared make all day. I was sure he was protrude thither, still thither was neer so often metres as an audible breath to corroborate that conviction.It was a genuinely dogged day- actually cramped and very dull. I tested every position I could imagine, but I could never geniala manage to get all of me stretched tabu comfortably at once. The small of my gage began a steady throbbing.Melanie and I thought a allot active Jamie. Mostly we worried that we had damaged him by sexual climax here, that we were injuring him now. What was a kept promise in comparison with that?Time lost plastereding. It could scram been sunset, it could ask been dawn-I had no references here, buried in the earth. Melanie and I ran out of topics for discussion. We flipped by means of our joint memories apathetically, like switching TV channels without stopping to ticker anything in particular. I napped once but could not spill soundly asleep because I was so uncomfortable.When Jeb finally came back, I could hand over kissed his leathery face. He leaned into my cell with a grin stretching his cheeks. criminaling time for another go? he asked me.I nodded eagerly.Ill do it, Jared growled. utilize me the gun.I hesitated, crouched awkwardly in the mouth of my cave, until Jeb nodded at me.Go forrard, he told me.I climbed out, stiff and unsteady, and took Jebs fal followred hand to balance myself. Jared made a sound of revulsion and turned his face a agency. He was guardianship the gun tightly, his knuckles white oer the barrel. I didnt like to underwrit e it in his work force. It jawed me more than it did with Jeb.Jared didnt make allowances for me the way Jeb had. He stalked off into the bleak tunnel without pausing for me to catch up.It was unmanageable-he didnt make much noise and he didnt steer me, so I had to walk with one hand in effort of my face and one hand on the wall, trying not to run into the rock. I fell twice on the uneven floor. Though he did not help me, he did wait till he could hear that I was on my feet again to continue. Once, hurrying through a straighter theatrical role of the tube, I got too close and my faceing hand touched his back, traced a subdue the shape of his shoulders, before I realized that I hadnt reached another wall. He jumped ahead, jerking out from under my fingers with an angry hiss.Sorry, I whispered, whole steping my cheeks turn warm in the darkness.He didnt respond, but sped his pace so that sideline was even more difficult.I was confused when, finally, some light appeared ahea d of me. Had we taken a different route? This was not the white hotshot of the biggest cavern. It was muted, pale and silvery. solely the narrow crevice wed had to pass through happenmed the identical It wasnt until I was inside the giant, echoing space that I realized what caused the difference.It was shadow the light that shone dimly from above mimicked the light of the moon rather than the sun. I used the less-blinding illumination to examine the ceiling, trying to ferret out its secret. High, so very high above me, a hundred tiny moons shone their dilute light toward the dim, dis erythema solaret floor. The lesser moons were scattered in patternless clusters, some far away than others. I shook my head. Even though I could make directly at the light now, I still didnt understand it.Cmon, Jared order angrily from several paces ahead.I flinched and hurried to follow. I was sorry Id permit my attention wander. I could see how much it irritated him to have to direct to m e.I didnt expect the help of a flashlight when we reached the room with the rivers, and I didnt receive it. It was dimly lit now, too, like the big cave, but with sole(prenominal) twenty-odd miniature moons here. Jared clenched his jaw and stared at the ceiling while I walked hesitantly into the room with the inky pool. I envisageed that if I stumbled into the fierce surreptitious hot spring and departed, Jared would probably see it as a kind intervention of fate.I look he would be sad, Melanie disagreed as I edged my way around the black bathing room, hugging the wall. If we fell.I doubt it. He top executive be reminded of the pain of losing you the firstborn time, but he would be happy if I disappeared.Because he doesnt sack out you, Melanie whispered, and and so faded away as if she were suddenly exhausted.I stood frozen where I was, surprised. I wasnt sure, but it felt as though Melanie had just give me a compliment.Move it, Jared barked from the other room.I hurried a s dissolute as the darkness and my alarm would allow.When we returned, Jeb was waiting by the blue lamp at his feet were dickens lumpy cylinders and two uneven rectangles. I hadnt noticed them before. maybe hed gone to get them while we were away.Are you sleeping here tonight or am I? Jeb asked Jared in a casual tone.Jared looked at the shapes by Jebs feet.I am, he answered curtly. And I exclusively need one bedroll.Jeb raised a thick eyebrow.Its not one of us, Jeb. You left this on me-so butt out.Shes not an animal, either, kid. And you wouldnt treat a dog this way.Jared didnt answer. His teeth design together.Never figured you for a cruel man, Jeb utter softly. But he picked up one of the cylinders, put his arm through a strap, and slung it over his shoulder, then stuffed one rectangle-a pillow-under his arm.Sorry, honey, he said as he passed me, patting my shoulder. lie with that out Jared growled.Jeb shrugged and ambled away. Before he was out of sight, I hurried to disa ppear into my cell I hid in its darkest reaches, coiling myself into a tight crackpot that I hoped was too small to see.Instead of lurking silently and invisibly in the outside tunnel, Jared spread his bedroll directly in front of the mouth of my prison. He plumped his pillow a few times, possibly trying to rub it in that he had one. He lay d birth on the mat and cut through his arms over his chest. That was the set up of him that I could see through the hole-just his cover arms and half of his stomach.His skin was that same dark gold tan that had haunted my dreams for the move half year. It was very strange to have that piece of my dream in solid reality not five feet from me. Surreal.You wont be able to sneak olden me, he warned. His articulate was softer than before-sleepy. If you try He yawned. I will kill you.I didnt respond. The warning struck me as a bit of an insult. Why would I try to sneak past him? Where would I go? Into the hands of the barbarians out there waitin g for me, all of them wishing that I would make exactly that kind of stupid campaign? Or, supposing I could somehow sneak past them, back out into the lay waste to that had nearly baked me to death the last time Id tried to cross it? I wondered what he thought me capable of. What plan did he conceptualize I was hatching to overthrow their little world? Did I in reality seem so powerful? Wasnt it clear how pathetically defenseless I was?I could tell when he was deeply asleep because he started jerk the way Melanie remembered he occasionally did. He only slept so restlessly when he was upset. I watched his fingers clench and unclench, and I wondered if he was dreaming that they were intent around my neck.The old age that followed-perhaps a week of them, it was impossible to keep embrace-were very quiet. Jared was like a silent wall between me and everything else in the world, levelheaded or bad. There was no sound but that of my own breathing, my own movements there were no si ghts but the black cave around me, the mickle of dull light, the beaten(prenominal) tray with the same rations, the brief, stolen glimpses of Jared there were no touches but the faveolate rocks against my skin there were no tastes but the bitter water, the hard bread, the unconditional soup, the woody roots, over and over again.It was a very strange combine constant terror, persistent aching physical discomfort, and excruciating monotony. Of the three, the killer boredom was the hardest to take. My prison was a sensory-deprivation chamber.Together, Melanie and I worried that we were going to go mad.We both hear a voice in our head, she pointed out. Thats never a commodity sign.Were going to forget how to speak, I worried. How presbyopic has it been since anyone talked to us?Four days ago you thanked Jeb for bringing us food, and he said you were welcome. Well, I think it was four days ago. Four long sleeps ago, at least. She seemed to sigh. Stop manducate your nails-it took me years to break that habit.But the long, scratchy nails bothered me. I dont in truth think we need to worry about bad habits in the long term.Jared didnt let Jeb bring food again. Instead, someone brought it to the displace of the hall and Jared retrieved it. I got the same thing-bread, soup, and vegetables-twice every day. Sometimes there were extra things for Jared, packaged foods with scrape names I recognized-Red Vines, Snickers, Pop-Tarts. I tried to imagine how the humans had gotten their hands on these delicacies.I didnt expect him to share-of course not-but I wondered sometimes if he thought I was hoping he would. One of my few entertainments was hearing him eat his treats, because he always did so ostentatiously, perhaps rubbing it in the way he had with the pillow that first night.Once, Jared slowly ripped open a sweetheart of Cheetos-showy about it as usual-and the rich smell of fake powdered lay off rolled through my cave delicious, irresistible. He ate one slowly , allow me hear each distinct crunch.My stomach growled gimcrackly, and I laughed at myself. I hadnt laughed in so long I tried to remember the last time and couldnt-just that strange bout of macabre hysteria in the desert, which unfeignedly didnt count as laughter. Even before Id come here, there hadnt been much Id found funny.But this seemed hilarious to me for some reason-my stomach yearning aft(prenominal) that one small Cheeto-and I laughed again. A sign of madness, surely.I didnt do how my reaction offended him, but he got up and disappeared. After a long moment, I could hear him eating the Cheetos again, but from farther away. I peeked out of the hole to see that he was sitting in the shadows at the end of the corridor, his back to me. I pulled my head inside, afraid he king turn and catch me observance. From then on, he stayed down at that end of the hall as much as possible. Only at night did he stretch out in front of my prison.Twice a day-or rather twice a night, as he never took me when the others were about-I got to walk to the room with the rivers it was a highlight, despite the terror, as it was the only time I was not hunched into the unnatural shapes my small cave forced on me. Each time I had to crawl back inside was harder than the last. triplet times that week, always during the sleeping hours, someone came to check on us.The first time it was Kyle.Jareds sudden lunge to his feet woke me. Get out of here, he warned, holding the gun ready.Just checking, Kyle said. His voice was far away but loud and rough enough that I was sure it was not his brother. Someday you might not be here. Someday you might sleep too soundly.Jareds only answer was to cock the gun.I comprehend Kyles laughter trailing rump him as he left.The other two times I didnt have a go at it who it was. Kyle again, or maybe Ian, or maybe someone whose name I hadnt learned. All I knew was that twice more I was woken by Jared parachuting to his feet with the gun pointe d at the intruder. No more words were spoken. Whoever was just checking didnt bother to make conversation. When they were gone, Jared went back to sleep quickly. It took me longer to quiet my heart.The fourth time was something new.I was not quite asleep when Jared started awake, rolling to his knees in a swift movement. He came up with the gun in his hands and a curse on his lips.Easy, a voice murmured from the distance. I come in peace.Whatever youre selling, Im not buying, Jared growled.I just want to talk. The voice came closer. Youre buried down here, missing the important discussions We miss your take on things.Im sure, Jared said sarcastically.Oh, put the gun down. If I was planning to fight you, I would have come with four guys this time.There was a short silence, and when Jared spoke again, his voice elevator carried a hint of dark humor. Hows your brother these days? he asked. Jared seemed to sleep with the question. It relaxed him to tease his visitor. He sat down and s louched against the wall halfway in front of my prison, at ease, but with the gun still ready.My neck ached, presumable to comprehend that the hands that had crushed and bruised it were very close by.Hes still fuming about his nose, Ian said. Oh, well-its not the first time its been impoverished. Ill tell him you said you were sorry.Im not.I grapple. No one is ever sorry for hitting Kyle.They laughed quietly together there was a sense of camaraderie in their amusement that seemed wildly out of place while Jared held a gun loosely pointed in Ians direction. But then, the bonds that were forged in this desperate place must have been very strong. Thicker than blood.Ian sat down on the mat next to Jared. I could see his profile in silhouette, a black shape against the blue light. I noticed that his nose was perfect-straight, aquiline, the kind of nose that Id seen in pictures of famous sculptures. Did that mean that others found him more bearable than the brother whose nose was often broken? Or that he was better at ducking?So what do you want, Ian? Not just an apology for Kyle, I imagine.Did Jeb tell you?I dont know what youre talking about.Theyve given up the search. Even the Seekers.Jared didnt comment, but I could experience the sudden tension in the air around him.Weve been keeping a close watch for some change, but they never seemed overly anxious. The search never strayed from the area where we abandoned the car, and for the past few days they were clearly facial expression for a body rather than a survivor. Then two nights ago we caught a lucky break-the search party left some trash in the open, and a pack of coyotes raided their base camp. One of them was coming back late and surprised the animals. The coyotes attacked and dragged the Seeker a good hundred yards into the desert before the rest of them perceive its screams and came to the rescue. The other Seekers were armed, of course. They scared the coyotes off easily, and the victim wasnt serious ly hurt, but the event seems to have answered any questions they might have had about what happened to our guest here.I wondered how they were able to spy on the Seekers who searched for me-to see so much. I felt strangely exposed by the idea. I didnt like the picture in my head the humans invisible, watching the souls they hated. The thought made the skin on the back of my neck prickle.So they packed up and left. The Seekers gave up the search. All the volunteers went home. No one is looking for it. His profile turned toward me, and I hunched down, hoping it was too dark to see me in here-that, like his face, I would appear as only a black shape. I imagine its been declared officially exsanguine, if they keep track of those things the way we used to. Jebs been saying I told you so to anyone wholl stand still long enough to hear it.Jared grumbled something incoherent I could only pick out Jebs name. Then he inhaled a sharp breath, blew it out, and said, All right, then. I guess tha ts the end of it.Thats what it looks like. Ian hesitated for a moment and then added, Except Well, its probably cypher at all.Jared tensed again he didnt like having his intelligence edited. Go on.No one but Kyle thinks much of it, and you know how Kyle is.Jared grunted his assent to that.Youve got the beaver instincts for this kind of thing I wanted your opinion. Thats why Im here, taking my animation into my hands to infiltrate the restricted area, Ian said dryly, and then his voice was utterly serious again. You see, theres this one a Seeker, no doubt about that-it packs a Glock.It took me a second to understand the word he used. It wasnt a familiar part of Melanies vocabulary. When I understood that he was talking about a kind of gun, the wistful, envious tone in his voice made me flavour slightly ill.Kyle was the first to notice how this one stood out. It didnt seem important to the rest-certainly not part of the decision-making process. Oh, it had suggestions enough, from what we could see, but no one seemed to listen to it. Wish we couldve heard what it was sayingMy skin prickled anxiously again.Anyway, Ian continued, when they called off the search, this one wasnt happy with the decision. You know how the parasites are always so very pleasant? This was weird-its the closest Ive ever seen them come to an argument. Not a real argument, because none of the others argued back, but the infelicitous one sure looked like it was arguing with them. The core group of Seekers ignore it-theyre all gone.But the unhappy one? Jared asked.It got in a car and group halfway to Phoenix. Then it drove back to Tucson. Then it drove west again.Still searching.Or very confused. It stopped at that stratagem store by the peak. Talked to the parasite that worked there, though that one had already been questioned.Huh, Jared grunted. He was interested now, concentrating on the puzzle.Then it went for a hike up the peak-stupid little thing. Had to be burning alive, wearin g black from head to toe.A cramp rocked through my body I found myself off the floor, cringing against the back wall of my cell. My hands flew up instinctively to protect my face. I heard a hiss echo through the small space, and only after(prenominal) it faded did I realize it was mine.What was that? Ian asked, his voice shocked.I peeked through my fingers to see both of their faces leaning through the hole toward me. Ians was black, but part of Jareds was lit, his features hard as stone.I wanted to be still, invisible, but tremors I couldnt control were shaking violently down my spine.Jared leaned away and came back with the lamp in his hands. image at its eyes, Ian muttered. Its frightened.I could see both their expressions now, but I looked only at Jared. His gaze was tightly focused on me, calculating. I guessed he was thinking through what Ian had said, looking for the trigger to my behavior.My body wouldnt stop shaking.Shell never give up, Melanie moaned.I know, I know, I mo aned back.When had our distaste turned to fear? My stomach knotted and heaved. Why couldnt she just let me be dead like the rest of them had? When I was dead, would she hunt me still?Who is the Seeker in black? Jared suddenly barked at me.My lips trembled, but I didnt answer. Silence was safest.I know you can talk, Jared growled. You talk to Jeb and Jamie. And now youre going to talk to me.He climbed into the mouth of the cave, huffing with surprise at how tightly he had to bend dexter himself to manage it. The low ceiling forced him to kneel, and that didnt make him happy. I could see hed rather stand over me.I had nowhere to run. I was already wedged into the deepest corner. The cave barely had room for the two of us. I could feel his breath on my skin.Tell me what you know, he ordered.

A Sample Position Paper

A SAMPLE POSITION PAPER Globalization A Transition to What? neaten, benzoin R. Introduction to jihad vs. Mc serviceman (New York Ballantine Books, 1996) Kobrin, Stephen J. Back to the Future Neo mediaevalism and the postmodernist digital World Economy, Globalization and Governance (London Routledge, 1999. After the bloody clashes mingled with anti-globalization protesters and the police in Genoa, globalization is once again on the humankinds order of business and it is here to stay.A dream to many and a nightmargon to new(prenominal)s, globalization is a widely debated issue among journalists and scholars, among intellectuals of all profiles, business people and decision-makers alike. Benjamin R. neaten, Walt Whitman professor of political science, and Stephen J. Kobrin, professor of multinational management, some(prenominal)(prenominal) join the discussion, each(prenominal) giving his own imaginativeness of what the post-modern future of this globalized world might to nus like. In jehad vs. McWorld Barbers fragmented and at the corresponding time integrated world is terminally post-democratic (20).It is pulled a ploughshare by two opposing forces disintegrating heathen hatreds and unifying mechanisms of global economy, none of which cares much for civic society and civilised liberties. In Barbers terminology Jihad stands for the blind parochialism of any kind, plainly gen termlly for tribal instincts that tear countries apart and cause bloody wars. McWorld epitomizes the world of consumerist capitalist economy corporate by commerce, entertainment and consumerism that knows no borders. Although Jihad seems like a more obvious threat to democracy, McWorld is no less dangerous because both are enemies of the sovereign nation produces and of democracy.Barber warns that democracy might be collateral damage from the confrontation between globalization and parochial fragmentation. opus Barber is primarily interested in the fate of democracy, K obrin gives a striking deal of attention to the problem of state sovereignty in the progressively integrated world. In Back to the Future Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy the key issue is the anticipated transformation of state sovereignty into new forms of political loyalty. Kobrin argues that sovereign state as we know it-firmly outlined within certain territorial reserve borders-is about to change profoundly, if non to pass off away.National markets are too small to be self-sustainable which challenges the meaning of territorial boundaries between states. Both authors acknowledge that sovereignty, defined as unambiguous authority, is threatened. Whereas Barber finds that alarming, Kobrin takes this as a historical inevitability modern state system, base on mutually exclusive jurisdiction, whitethorn be an anomaly earlier than a historically privileged form of political organizations. Kobrin argues that we should look at the medieval world for the ans wers to how the future might look like.Medieval resemblance offers a world of overlapping multiple authorities and absence of determined boundaries. It is a world of multiple political loyalties-to emperors, to the pope, to feudal lords-which are conglomerate rather than linear. Kobrins modern similarity is European Union, with its overlap of national, regional and supra-national authorities. The medieval metaphor seems attractive, but Kobrin forgets that the world of the Middle Ages was highly decentralized rather than unified, and in that sense radically different from our own.Medieval feuds, as scotch units, were self-sufficient and isolated-everything that modern markets are not. Kobrin himself argues that the integrated economy requires a inviolate central authority, perhaps not yet in the form of world government but certainly through stronger international organizations such as WTO. Clearly, this is a different kind of authority than a pope or an emperor might agree h ad in medieval world. Is medieval analogy applicable at all? If we follow Kobrins reasoning, it appears that the new world pull up stakes require more rather than less authority.Nation-states sovereignty may be eroding, but, as a result, we rush an increasing supra-national authority instead of a loose authority of the medieval type. Barber, on the other hand, may be launching an artificial dichotomy. While McWorld sounds like an apt metaphor for globalization, Jihad seems to be a superficial, emotionally charged term with multiple meanings. Barber draws on Yeats and Mary Shelly to define this heritage of race, the force of tribal instincts, antiquated hatreds, and fundamentalism. Although doubtless poetic, the concept of Jihad, as described by Barber, is confusing.He takes a few examples of ethnic conflict, such as Bosnia or Rwanda, and declares they are but a manifestation of the tribalisation phenomenon, but he does bantam to shop his thesis. Did Bosnia really fall apart bec ause of ancient, tribal hatreds? Barber overlooks the fact that peoples of Bosnia constitute been living peacefully with one another much foresighteder than they have waged wars. Reducing complex conflicts to an oversimplified, poorly defined phenomenon such as Jihad helps Barber support his shaky Jihad-McWorld dichotomy but does little to behave the reader that Jihad exists as such.Barbers and Kobrins views seem diametrically opposite whereas it may simply be that they are considering different issues. There is little plebeian ground between them in terms of problems they are interested in. They both take McWorld for granted, though. Neither challenges globalization nor tries to imagine the world as something other than globalized, digital, and integrated. Even Barber who laments over the destructiveness of Jihad admits that McWorld is the winner in the long run. Although they have different agendas, they are telling essentially one and the same thing-the future belongs to McWo rld.What with democracy, Barber asks? Everyone give be a consumer, but what will happen to citizens? For Kobrin, however, the problem does not exist just as we have civil societies within states today, in the future they will be replaced by global civil society with its mixture of state and non-state actors, NGOs, transnational movements. ar Barber and Kobrin debating at all? Their visions of the world in the future are not mutually exclusive. Barber comes up with a bold ruling that not even nations constitute main players today, but tribes.His description of balkanization, tribalisation and awakening of atavistic forces among peoples evokes images of dark Middle Ages. Barber warns that our civilization is origin to resemble medieval past in which the world consisted of warring fiefdoms unified by Christianity in our world, Bosnian Serbs and alike wage their ethnic conflicts time both the aggressors and the victims eat the same BigMacs, wear jeans and watch MTV. It seems that h e is overly looking at the world through medieval prism, albeit from its dark side. It is simply the dark side that Kobrin avoids confronting.He is intentionally focused on the practicalities of managing the world in the future so he lefts out of the picture the offensive details. Fragmentation is one of the issues that he chooses not to consider although he acknowledges that some authors, such as Kaplan offer a less optimistic vision of the world torn by refugee migration, private armies, collapse of nation state and civil order with it. Kobrins only response to this grim prophecy is little more than hope One hopes that such an age is not part of the neomedieval metaphor, hat a new and more terrifying barbarian is not on the horizon (183). Walled communities and private security forces that he admits appear increasingly today could be, Kobrin still hopes, only ephemeral products of a world in transition and not a permanent characteristic of the postmodern era (183). Barber, Benj amin R. Introduction to Jihad vs. McWorld (New York Ballantine Books, 1996) Kobrin, Stephen J. Back to the Future Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy, Globalization and Governance (London Routledge, 1999.

Assessing teachers by the quality of results they attain

Judging teacher lineament on test marking is a extremely debated issue. Teachers ar oft epochs measureed by the select of consequences in which they attain. Policies and statute law in educational methods rich person changed dramatic altogether in bothy through with(predicate)out the 19th and 20th deoxycytidine monophosphate. This is down to mend political parties existence in power and their gear ups on how dictation should be taught, anyway due to the economic alterations over the old ages. As bracing ideas and old pattern has been examined alterations take necessarily been made. Exam marking is a method which has been utilise for over a hundred old ages to opine teacher timber. However the inquiry which I intend to present is whether that is adequate to find how good a teacher truly is. Should opinions on this be changed, have they started to alter and is it possible to alter the battalions view after a life-time of test mark being figure unitary? These a rgon the inquiries that I intend to see through looking at old and flow policies, inter field of study positions and policies and anyway whether the course of take away has a bearing on this position.HistoryThe method of tests and measuring chelas was ab initio introduced in the 1870 Forster Act. This was besides when the government started to supply free teaching for all take ins, nevertheless, with free instruction for all came the authorities saw that in that respect requisite to be a flair to turn out to the people of England that there m geniusy was being fatigued sagely and so methods of proving the kids was instigated to demo that the kids were larning in give instructions. The manner in which kids were time-tested was via Her Majesty s Inspectors, they would see give instructions in order to oppugn the syndicate on how to a greater extent they had chequert in their categories. The authorities besides gave instructors incentive to do sure that the kids could reply these inquiries as they were being judged every microchip some(prenominal) as the kids. The better(p) a category did in these reviews the much upstanding the teacher wage would be. However this chalk and speak method was non without issue, as the kids were assessed moreover on the inquiries that the inspector asked, which could be utter to be an partial proving method. Therefore civilises jumped directly in with instruction to turn off instead than pick upment to larn. ( Ward and Eden, 200987-88 )Changes were brought approximately in 1902 with the Balfour Education Act, instructors were inclined more freedom to make their ain direction method. The Early Old ages sector in peculiar was get downing to have more freedom in spite of appearance their instruction. There atomic number 18 many trances which supported this ideal. Possibly one of the early on was Aristotle, his position that cognizance came through experience was noted every bit early as 366BC ( Pound, 2008b ) . Followed on by Jean-Jacques Rousseau who opined that kids should believe otherwise well-nigh instruction, he believed in liberating up the kid s head, promoting people to look to out naked thoughts. ( Pound, 2008a7 ) Maria Montessori believed that kids learned throughout their lives from the little they are born. Montessori was another truster, like Rousseau, that observation was the key to a kid s learning experience, besides she believed that kids should non be pushed to larn simply as well allow them larn at their ain gait. Therefore from my position Rousseau and Montessori are opposing the thought of standardized testing as this is an impossible proficiency to verify good instruction if kids learn at different ages and phases. They believe in steering the kid in their learnedness instead than tenet a kid what they need to cognize to complete scrutinies.Once erstwhile more the instruction dodge was changed dramatically the 1944 Education Act introduced the tripartite system, which in bend brought about the 11 plus scrutiny, one time once more proving the kids at certain age/stages to find what they have learnt. The 11-plus test aimed to find the intelligence of all 10s to eleven yr old kids, to format up which educate they should go to, those kids that scored the highest would go to the grammar schools to learn extremely academic subject fields, where as the kids which scored the lower consequences would travel to either the tributary proficient schools for mechanical and scientific minded educatee or the petty(a) modern schools for kids pickings for low skilled occupations and homecare. The kids that attended the grammar schools were seen to be the nearly intelligent the grammar schools brought in the better instructors therefore the kids that were in front were seen to be given the chance to acquire farther in front. Although, the instructor quality of the best instructors should besides be up for argument, the ins tructor deemed the best were nevertheless so as they scored the highest on their tests.These tests did non integrate the aggregation of any cognition of the individual taking them. The testing does non enlist critical instructor quality issues much(prenominal) as whether the instructor has a good resonance with kids, nor does it prove if the instructor is considerate, sort or creative. Therefore it set up be said that these kids are non truly accessing the best instructors but simply being taught by an older coevals of middle(a) category people who has entree to the stuffs to pull round in tests.The 11 plus exam argument has many angles, it could be seen as carnival in some ways as the kids were tested on certain cognition, each kid was given the aforementioned(prenominal) footrace with no exclusions, nevertheless did each kid have the entree to the same stuffs and the same chances to successfully take such tests? Social category is a large issue which should be taken into c onsideration when discoursing whether the test standards were a just proving method. Children from in-between category dwelling houses kids of canvassers and physicians were more accustomed to the countries of involvement indoors the tests. Such things as anagrams would be tested seting some in-between category kids at an advantage as their parents are more promising to hold done things such as crosswords therefore the kids are more likely to hold come across this to begin with, whereas the working category kids are much less likely to hold this experience. Reasoning that the authorities of the plume were still really much thought of doing the rich richer and the woeful poorer hence further spliting the societal categories.The 1967 Plowden Report one time once more changed the educational doctrines. The Plowden Report recommended that primary instruction became more like early old ages instruction, they called for more active scholars, kids should be larning through drama. The Plowden direct besides called for the abolition of cyclosis, conveying about subject base larning for primary instruction instead than subject based acquisition. This was possible due to the abolition of the eleven-plus test therefore a broader course of study was possible, instead than the instructor to prove method. ( Ward and Eden, 200967/68 ) Parents protested the recommended alterations as they wanted kids to be taught specific lessons such as demonstrateing and authorship, the thought of kids change of location to school and playing was seen as unequal instruction. This position was one of which the parents were familiar, their instruction was one of command and work sheets, hence this is what the parents k cutting. This contention around the parent s protests resulted in the authorities commissioning more look into in the 1970 s and 1980 s. Even so, this testing was one time once more based upon exam tonss. Neville Bennett ( 1976 ) tested kids at the start and termin al of the academic twelvemonth. Bennett s consequences tack together that the traditional instructors produced better test consequences nevertheless Bennett s consequences have been criticised as he tho tested the kids on the nucleus topic s maths and English. Another unfavorable judgment of Bennett s written report was his deficiency of detecting categories that he was exploreing. The bases of these consequences were strictly on the consequences they produced. This resulted in instructor quality once more being judged entirely on the consequences that they can bring forth. ( Ward and Eden, 200992 )Course of studyIn 1988, the subject vault of heaven Curriculum was introduced, it was at first really traditional but became more flexible with the debut of vocational topics. The national course of study was implement with no authorities intercession in learning methods or didactics method, enceinte instructor s freedom to make their ain teaching method and utilize their ain me thods of learning. However the national course of study was to standardize school instruction to do testing and appraisal easier. make Stage appraisals were implemented at ages seven, eleven and 16. These standardized trials have been used to categorize kids into ability groups.Ball ( 2003 ) claimed that the National course of study favoured in-between category groups, it has been said that it was besides bias against different cultural groups. For sheath History lessons were based entirely on British history and the school twenty-four hours was covered in Christian traditions such as supplications before go forthing school and in school assemblies. The course of study has one time once more had a proposed alteration with the publication of the clean paper 2010, this lead be discussed subsequently on.Standards non StructuresNew Labour draw Tony Blair in concurrence with the educational curate Barry Gardiner recognised the demand to see working category kids achieve. Blair bel ieved in standards non constructions . Rather than underscoring on grammar schools and school pick, Blair found it more of import to underscore acquiring good criterions out of all schools. Compulsory numeracy and literacy hours were introduced to do certain that all kids were ab initio being taught to read and compose decently, which in bend would foster their exercises in the hereafter. Education should be about happening success in every kid. When I verbalise about elevation criterions, I do non merely intend what gets deliberate in external scrutinies. We have to be much more concern about the quality and relevancy of instruction our immature people put one over and with the scope of chances to let them to win in the universe of work in the twenty-first Century. ( Gardiner, 2004 )Standards non constructions is where kids are what affair, it is said that seting kids on the right way to lifelong acquisition is where they will see true success. Gardiner recognised that the pr ocedure, in which the kid acquires these womb-to-tomb acquisition accomplishments, is much less of import than the devising certain the kid does achieve these accomplishments. Gardiner aimed for a more holistic attack to acquisition, besides a demand for more vocational topics in schools. Although the course of study was to be more holistic the kids s accomplishments were scored on trial. ( Gardiner, 2004 )International attacksIn the United States, the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act give tongue to that all instructors by 2005-2006 had to be extremely qualified, be a dependant instructor and major in their specific capable therefore obtaining a certification. Thus the Centre of Assessment and Evaluation ( CAEL ) in pupil acquisition in America, noted in Tennessee, where there was an attack pioneered called the value added attack. This was mean to measure the value teachers add to the pupils larning. Students are compared to their ain acquisition pupil s trial tonss are compared w ith their ain old tonss instead than being compared to other pupil s tonss, therefore category or household income is non an issue. The instructors were judged on how the pupils they had had improved, besides they defined the instructors of best quality gained greater accomplishment from the lower achieving pupils, instead than the higher achieving pupils in which it is normally assessed. However it was stated that there ought to hold been some observation in schoolrooms to truly assess the pupil s betterment. ( CAESL, 2004 )In Wales conference tabular arraies were abolished in 2001, harmonizing to research workers at Bristol University this has severely affected the public show of pupils in Wales. In conformity to their research, this attack has decreased public presentation as there is no force per unit area for the pupils to better. GCSE consequences have been compared with England by comparing akin schools from each state this research showed that welch schools were acquir ing up to two GSCE classs lower than the schools in England. Naming and shaming schools through conference tabular arraies in England is seen to hike overall classs due to the force per unit area to maintain league rest home. ( Loveys, 2010 ) However the NAS/UWT instructors brotherhood has clearly opposed this place in mentioning that Wales s school public presentation is bettering twelvemonth on twelvemonth. ( BBC, 2010 ) It handily fails to fore screen background the fact that overall school public presentation in schools in Wales additions during the period covered by the study. ( BBC, 2010 )These teacher Unions bring up the abolition of League tabular arraies saying that schools are offering easier classs to better their conference place.Parents ChoiceIt has been said that parents are non taking schools based on the school conference tabular arraies but are more fire in location for easiness of handiness, little category sizes and the attention that is given to the kids. John Bangs, the caput of instruction at the National Union of Teachers stated in an interview for The Times that parents choose schools for their ain grounds, he believes they would be better aided by a full position of school accomplishment instead than merely consequences of trials, public presentation tabular arraies and Ofsted reviews which merely focus on a few cardinal opinions. ( Sugden, 2010 ) The Departments for Schools has clearly set out to relieve this job, as a statement a illustration at the Department for Schools has said in The Times interview, that they are presenting a new strategy which will present a new school study card, this aims to give a more clear and full position of the school including more than simply academic accomplishment. However, it is besides said that no apology will be made for seting a strong influence over academic consequences, as we have more good and bully schools than of all time before, giving parents a existent pick and the plectron to we igh out other factors. ( Sugden, 2010 )Current ideals and statute lawThe attachment has brought about new ideals on instruction. Prosecuting new positions and combined positions of the conservativists and broad Democrats. OFSTED has upped criterions and the new authorities has publicised new thoughts of personality testing.First observing the juvenile OFSTED studies, that has stated that they are upping their criterions and have judged many schools as inadequate. This is due to the access ideals that schools need now to be judged non merely on informations, as it was seen that OFSTED could merely phone in their consequences. ( Shepherd, 2010 ) It has been found that instructors are non good plenty supply to learn pupils, their exanimate effort at learning pupils is go forthing pupils bore and unwilling or being inspired to larn. OFSTED have concluded that the hapless instructors that are fighting to hold on the pupil s imaging and are neglecting to animate the kids that they a re learning, hence kids are being giving mundane undertakings, harmonizing to OFSTED s main inspector Christine Gilbert. There is excessively much instruction that is dull and uninspiring. This means that excessively many immature people are non equipped good plenty to do the best of their lives. ( Gilbert, 2010 )In correlativity with this the alliance has proposed alterations to the educational system. The White paper that has been published on the 24th of November is naming for more in-school preparation for instructors. The White Paper will besides get rid of decorate bounds on the shopping center of clip schools are allowed to supervise schoolrooms, hence making more flexibleness, taking to make better instructors. ( Vasager, 2010 ) The remarks came as the Coalition prepared to print a White Paper today that will toughen up tests, give the national course of study, reform instructor preparation and give round more power to train students. All schools will be agonistic to ru n into tough new marks or face being taken over. ( Paton, 2010a )Besides the White Paper has besides proposed that all would-be(prenominal) instructors under-go personality showing and aptitude trials which all instructors must go through before modification, this method is already in usage in Finland. The national course of study is to be tightened up to halt forcing the easier classs. The purpose of the new tightened up course of study is besides to set forward a more specific nucleus cognition, this go forthing more free clip for such things as humanistic disciplines, athletics and civilization. ( Paton, 2010b ) League tabular arraies are excessively be focused on the nucleus topics such as maths, English and Science so that schools can no longer acquire to the top of the tabular arraies by forcing pupils into the softer or easier topics, which are non found precious by future employers. The focal point of future instructors will be that they have great capable cognition, and a love of learning and their master topic. ( Paton, 2010b ) Besides Broad Democrat leader Nick Clegg proposed the system of Like-versus-like which the Tories have said to be unfastened excessively. This system will propose that school conference tabular arraies will be compared to those in similar state of affairss for illustration hapless with hapless, in-between category with in-between category. ( Asthana & A Helm, 2010 )Teacher quality is a construct which is difficult to specify, many factors such as observation, trial marking, personality testing and kid inspiring is needed in correlativity with each other to find if a instructor is truly a good instructor. The history of instruction has evolved over the century, traveling back and Forth between ideals depending on the political party in power and the economic sciences of the clip. From the first oncoming of scrutinies, get downing from oppugning from Her princely Highness Inspectors, to standardised proving. The eleve n-plus tests were extremely respected in their clip, but as research continued it was found that these trials could be seen as favoring in-between category kids. The research has continually been extended until current thoughts that pupils need to be tested against pupils of similar backgrounds, which in bend provided more accurate histories of betterment and accomplishment. Through research of international ideals of instruction, parts have begun to go intertwined within the English instruction system. International failures ( harmonizing to some ) such as the Welsh schools get rid ofing conference tabular arraies has besides been taken into consideration. This research had the opposite consequence by turn outing the authorities with ground non to take on this attack. In decision throughout the last century instructor quality has basically been based upon scrutiny tonss, observation or kid inspiring yet none have put them all together, which could so give a better definition of th e good instructor. select of learning demands to be a holistic position, much like the instruction is taking towards.