Ethnic History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethnic History - Essay Example For purposes of this brief response, this student will attempt to show the ways in which individuals from a Muslim background engage with and understand their ethnic history. Although the topics which will be represented will further help to shed a level of understanding on many of the ways in which current levels of trust and suspicion continue to exist with regards to the relations that individuals from an Islamic background and/or from the Middle East or North Africa share with regards to an interpretation of their own history. Firstly, when one begins to discuss an ethnic history, it is a means of understanding that necessarily divides groups into â€Å"us† vs. â€Å"them†. Such a construct is not necessarily bad; rather, it is just another way of seeking to provide a level of understanding for why the world has developed in the unique way that it is has. This â€Å"us† versus â€Å"them† attitude is especially useful in situations in which a colonizer of entity has been present. This is of course very much the case when it comes to many of the Islamic regions within North Africa and throughout the Middle East. In this way, trying to understand the way that a type of shared ethnic history has developed would not be complete without first trying to understand that indelible imprint that the period of European colonization and control affected on the collective ethnic memories of the subjugated people throughout the Middle East, North Africa and elsewhere in the Islamic Maghreb ( Leong et al 2013). After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire soon after the end of the First World War, European powers quickly exerted their influence throughout the remnants of the power vacuum that existed. What was unique about this situation as compared to what occurred elsewhere throughout Africa and Southeast Asia during the same period was the fact that many of these Islamic lands had recently transitioned away from the grip of the

Integrity vs Despair Essay Example for Free

Integrity vs Despair Essay As we grow older and become senior citizens we tend to slow down our productivity and explore life as a retired person. It is during this time that we contemplate our accomplishments and are able to develop integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life. If we see our life as unproductive, or feel that we did not accomplish our life goals, we become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness. From what I could tell, my pt falls into the Integrity stage. He was always positive about what came his way and he seemed in good spirits even though he was sick and in the hospital. Physical: My patient was in excellent overall physical condition considering his age. Aging adults, especially the very old, are vulnerable to skin breakdown. Pressure ulcers are due to impaired circulation. My patient had a reddened area on his elbow and he said it was from getting in and out of bed and pushing his self up with his elbows. Emotional: The elderly have a development of a greater emotional complexity with better comprehension and control of emotional reactions. My patient seemed to be in great emotional status in the time I got to spend with him. He was in very good spirits even though he was in the hospital. Cognitive: The slowing that occurs in all cognitive tasks where speed of response is a factor is the most pervasive cognitive change with developmental aging. Also, oxygen is necessary for proper physical and cognitive functioning and is carried through the blood. The elderly with poor circulation may experience forgetfulness and other symptoms of poor cognition. My patient showed no signs of forgetfulness in the time I spent with him. He told me stories about when he was in the military from many years ago. He also had a very good memory. I explained to him why I pressed on his thumbnail to check his capillary refill and a couple hours later he was talking to his sister on the phone telling her what he had learned. Social: Older persons may get frustrated or embarrassed because sometimes it is hard from them to understand what is being said. They may have to have people repeat themselves, or endure shouting when a speaker tries to be heard. My patient doesn’t seem to have a problem socializing but did have a hard time understanding what I said and would ask me to repeat myself. When I spoke to him I just used a louder voice so that he could understand and hear me better.

Native American Healing And Dance :: essays research papers

Native American Dance and Healing Native Americans in Contemporary Society: The population in the United States has increased steadily in the 20th century. In 1990 the number of Native Americans was almost two million, 8 percent of the total population. Slightly more than one third live on a reservation; about half live in urban areas. Indian reservations function as independent governments within the federal framework. Among many of the Native Americans, there are many musical styles, singing is the dominant form of musical expression, with instrumental music serving primarily as rhythmic accompaniment. Throughout the Americas the principal instruments have been drums, flutes, and whistles. The American Indian lived life in love with nature. Their wisdom showed in everything, their capacity for harmony with the environment, what they wore, what they created, what they ate and how it was prepared, in their philosophies and beliefs. Music and dance were confined to the native world or offered in tourist attractions as an illustration of a lifestyle unknown to many people. Over the past few years there has been a heightened interest in all Indian things, such as in their art. Expression in the art and dance among North American people this part of life in the form of function and ceremony as it is decoration or performance. Today the Indian Arts have been â€Å"discovered†, and a large cross section of humanity is enjoying its intrinsic excellence, vitality, originality and tradition they offer to the heart and head. Men’s Traditional Dance: They danced with exaggerated movement above the waist to simulate hunting, tracking, or fighting, but heavy grounded, flat footed loser body. This dance originated with members of warrior societies on the Great Plains. Costumes includes an eagle feather bustle and hair roach made of porcupine quills. Women’s Traditional Dance: This dance is extremely reversed in nature, simply a single or double step done in a circle. Sometimes as a up and down movement is done while standing in place. Costumes for women’s traditional dance also remains tribal specific, and sometimes with elaborate beadwork on a long buckskin or trade cloth dresses. Stomp Dances: This dance they get into nature by way of rhythm and it can make your body healthier and relieve stress. Native Americans believe then and still believe now that when the body works in harmony with nature, the natural rhythms of the body and spirit work together. It is that energy that makes one whole. In the Native stomp dances, in the habitats of the native homelands, when they get into rhythm with nature then your body becomes healthier, your mental stress is relieved and you become a whole person

The Different Types of Discrimination Essay -- Prejudice, Racism, Cult

Discrimination Religion, national origin, race, and social status are the suspect classifications of discrimination, but are these the only categories that should not be discriminated against? People today are searching for equal rights and opportunities. No one should be suffering from any type of discrimination, but they are. Discrimination is an unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice, therefore sex, disability, and age should be included in the suspect classifications of discrimination (â€Å"Discrimination†). Sex discrimination is the differential treatment based on sex (â€Å"Answer†). Traditionally in American culture higher value has been given to males, this is why sex discrimination is commonly found in the work place among women. Focus in a workplace where sex discrimination is prevalent; the choices are not made based on the ability of the person, but their gender. The reason why gender is a big issue for women in the workplace is because women are looked at as part of the household committee instead of in the economical world. Women are not seen as capable entities, but solely as â€Å"baby-makers†. This method of conducting business has deterred many women that are far more capable than the men who were given the job. Sex discrimination in the employment world is not a new issue, but one that stems from the past. The Fair Labor Standard Act of 1938 established a minimum wage for both men and women providing equality (â€Å"Answer†). Even though this act was passed, many women are still paid less than men for the same job. In 1963, the Equal Pay Act acknowledged women as workers and not just homemakers (â€Å"Answer†). Now in 2007, sex discrimination is still being done in some occupations, but they are making progress. ... ...en booking a hotel room you are required to be at least 18 years of age. At 18 years old you are required to provide a deposit just incase you break hotel property, while older adults are not required to provide a deposit. We live in a country where youth is full of energy, while old is worthless, but we all should be treated equally. Discrimination has been a big issue in society for a long time. National origin, religion, social status, and race are the suspect classifications that are not allowed to be discriminated against. Are these the only categories that are worthy of protection? Not as long as America is the home of the free. Sex, Disability, and Age discrimination are categories that are being over looked everyday. By not acknowledging these other, very significant types of discrimination not only are the business world losing out, but America as a whole.

Existentialism: American Beauty

Existentialism: American Beauty American Beauty is a movie that sets in suburban America. The story is about Lester, whom is a middle-aged writer working in a magazine company. He was having a midlife crisis where he felt lonely and numbed by continuous unchanging routine of his everyday life. In the movie, his wife portrayed as a successful real estate agent, but she was also going through her own midlife crisis in both her career and personal life. Lester’s daughter, Jane Bumham had alienated her parents and was going through puberty.They have a new neighbor who is a U. S. Marine Corps Colonel Frank Fitts, and he has a son, Ricky Fitts, who is a drug dealer. Lester was going to get fired from his company that he had worked for fourteen year. Lester managed to cut a deal by threatening the manager to give him a year’s worth of salary or else he would distribute the gossip news, which would sabotage the company. One day, he and his wife went to see their daughterâ€℠¢s cheerleading dance and during the performance Lester saw Jane’s friend Angela Hayes. He then starts having fantasies of her.On the other hand, his wife was also having an affair with a successful colleague. Disregarding his wife’s life, Lester started to make changes in his life after hearing Angela complimented him and suggested that if he worked out, she would like him even more. Therefore, he started working out after being fired from his job, and got a new job at a fast food restaurant. During work, he found that his wife was having an affair and he asked her for a divorce. On the other hand, the marine corporal, Frank, has trust issues with his son, since Ricky had a history of using drugs (smoking weed).One day, Frank starts to get suspicious about Ricky’s actions. Then when Lester called Ricky to get more marijuana, Frank saw them getting together in a room. He thought that they were sexually involved. In reality, they were just smoking weed. When Rick y went home, Frank abused him and mistakenly believed that he was homosexual, which caused him to kick Ricky out of the house. So Ricky decided to ask Jane to runaway with him to New York. At the same time, when Lester and Angela was getting intimate with each other, she suddenly confessed that she was a virgin.Lester realized that he shouldn’t be taking advantage of her and Angela started crying, so he comforted her. After the incident, both of them bonded and shared their problems. On the last scene of the movie, it showed Lester holding an old picture of his family reminiscing the past then Frank suddenly showed up with a gun and shot him. The movie, American Beauty, portrayed many existential themes from philosophers like Franz Kafka, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Jean-Paul Sartre. In the beginning of the movie, Lester indicates he lived like a dead man.He goes through the same routine everyday, which is similar to Franz Kafka’s character Gregor Samsa in the short story â€Å"Metamorphosis†. Before Gregor’s transformation into a metamorphosis, he was a salesman for a long period of time where he felt that had lost his character, goals and even estranged himself from his family. Lester and Gregor have committed themselves to the society, which caused them to be alienated by their families. In the beginning of the movie, Lester’s daughter critiqued her father as a â€Å"loser† and his wife also looked down on him.Gregor had similar situations, he was also alienated because his job required him to travel, and therefore, he couldn’t spend time with his family. According to Kafka, one has to go through alienation because that awakens us to blossom into a new life. He believes that an individual have to balance themselves between individuality and society. Even though Gregor’s transformation gave him a new life, it was too late for him to live for himself. On the other hand, Lester was lucky enough to experience the change when he heard Angela’s suggestion to get fit.This tip encouraged Lester to adjust his dull and melancholy life. He starts working out and live for himself, instead of living up to other people’s standards. Kafka’s view of existentialism is that an individual has the responsibility to find balance between leisure and work. Lester’s character has some similarities as Kafka’s life. Kafka was employed at an insurance company, where he had experienced the suffering from working in the dull cubical office. He used writing as a way to escape from the tedious life he had, and it was the only method that could explore his creativeness.Even though Kafka was not an existentialist, his writing depicted many existential themes and shared similar thoughts with other philosopher like Friedrich Nietzsche. Friedrich Nietzsche is a philosopher in the late 18th century. He has a great impact towards existentialism. His existential theme is about individua lity and constructing identity. Through his book called Gay Science, Nietzsche indicated that there were more liberation and freedom after religious wars and persecution ended. He believed that people were getting detached with religion.Even though the movie â€Å"American Beauty† did not have any religious related themes, it still portrayed the theme of liberation. It was freedom that saved Lester from being drowned by his miserable life, especially when he was being disregarded by his wife and alienated from his daughter. In addition, in the end of the movie, Ricky Fitts, the neighbor’s son was released from his father because of a misunderstanding. He was trapped under his abusive father’s rules and control. When Ricky was living under his father, he was like the â€Å"last man† in Nietzsche’s short story: Thus Spoke Zarathustra.The â€Å"last man† lacks passion and has no drive: â€Å" †¦ they do not like to hear the world ‘c ontempt’ applied to them. Let me then address their pride. Let me speak of them of what is the most contemptible; but that is the last man† (Soloman, 73). Lester also has similar characteristics of the â€Å"last man†. Before his transformation, he even confessed that he was living a life of a â€Å"dead man†. Nietzsche saw the â€Å"last man† among the middle class and he was afraid that they would be suffocated by the dreadful office space. This greatly relates to Lester’s working environment and the suburban area where he lived.Everyday felt like yesterday, nothing changes. There is no creativity or passion in Lester’s life and Nietzsche believed that people should be pushed and encouraged to break the cycle. Lester’s transformation speaks of Nietzsche’s existentialist theme: â€Å"we philosophers and ‘free spirits’ fell, when we hear the news that ‘the old god is dead. ’ As if a new dawn sho ne on us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (68). The â€Å"new dawn† that Nietzsche mentions in his book have similar portrayal in the movie, which is Lester’s transformation of his new life. From a miserable and coward person, Lester changed into a new courageous and free spirited individual.He was able to confront his wife and make his own decisions without being afraid of her looking down on him: â€Å"It's a great thing when you realize you still have the ability to surprise yourself. Makes you wonder what else you can do that you've forgotten about† (American Beauty). Overall, Nietzsche’s theme reveals that people have the ability to make their own decision and put their destiny into their own hands just like what Lester did with his life. Similar to Kafka and Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre also emphasized the importance of individuality.He believes that â€Å"existence comes before essence,† people creates their own destiny and it is not God that controls our fate (206). He also explained that human nature did not emerge because God created us. Sartre did not believe in God; therefore, he believed human created the existence of human nature, like how Lester altered his life. Sartre also indicated that individuals should take responsibility towards their actions. Lester broke away from the society and left his past life to construct a new character without other people to disapprove his decisions.However, he also threw away all the responsibility as a father and husband. Lester quit his job and got a lower salary job, which left his wife in charge of the mortgage. Even before the transformation, the relationship between Lester and his daughter drifted apart causing them to ignore each other. He failed to take a responsibility as a father and nurture his child instead he tried to flirt with his child’s friend. From Sartre’s book Existentialism is a Humanism, he wrote: â€Å"Our responsibility is thus much greater than we had supp osed, for it concerns mankind as a whole† (208).He believed that an individual’s action could have a huge impact on others, just like how the neighbor, Colonel Frank Fitts killed Lester at the end of the movie. Frank has to live carry that guilt forever. It was his decision to kill and therefore it would be his responsibility to accept the blame. However the movie did not indicate what consequences Frank will be facing, or what kind of responsibility he will get after the murder. The director leaves the decision to the audience to decide what his fate is going to be. Lester did mess up his family and take no responsibility during his physical and mental transformation.In the end of the movie, when Angela, his daughter’s friend, told him that she was a virgin, he realized that he could not take advantage of her. This message reminded him that she was just a teenager that needed attention. He took a parental responsibility by comforting her and explored her frustra tions, which applied to Sartre’s theme of taking responsibility while making alternations in life. Through out the movie, American Beauty, it has exposed many existential themes that connected to multiple philosophers including Franz Kafka, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Jean-Paul Sartre.All of them emphasized the importance of individuality, passion and creativity, which was depicted in the movie, especially on the main character, Lester. He altered his life and cured his mid-life crisis. It was through existentialism where he was released from the trap of society and the controlled environment. In the end of the movie, every character found an answer towards the purpose of life. Even though Lester’s life ended getting shot in the head, he was actually happier than he was before and managed to live the life he wanted. Reference Solomon, Robert C. Existentialism. 2nd. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print.

Birlings attitudes Essays

Birlings attitudes Essays Birlings attitudes Essay Birlings attitudes Essay The Inspectors whole approach to the investigation is totally unorthodox; he investigates each character one at a time and more or less in chronological order of what happened to the girl, whereas a normal investigation would work backwards from the events that took place immediately before the girls suicide. The way he treats the other characters is interesting as well, he isnt afraid to contradict or be rude to them even though they are his social superiors. He asks blunt and directly to the point questions and doesnt hesitate to interrupt or challenge what the Birlings and Gerald are saying, Gerald: I dont see why-  Inspector: (cutting in massively) You herd what I said before, Mr Croft. One line of inquiry at a time. Otherwise well all be talking at once and wont know where we are. If youve anything to tell me, youll have the opportunity of doing it soon.  Even though the Inspector says that he is new to Brumley, he appears to know a lot about the other characters and the area and a lot more than he could simply have gained from Eva Smiths diary. The Inspector creates a lot of suspense by keeping certain characters waiting and not explaining to them that he intends to interview each of them separately, i.e. Gerald and Eric who are excluded from seeing the photograph, and suggesting that there might be reasons why they should not see the photograph and stopping Eric from going to bed as  Inspector: It might be less trouble. If you turn in, you might have to turn out again soon  He then doesnt go on to explain why he might want to talk to Eric later but carries on with his investigation creating tension and curiosity. Later in the beginning of Act 2. though Mr Birling becomes angry that the Inspector would not let Eric go to bed and asks him to bring Erics interview forward and the Inspector tells him that Eric must wait his turn. Any normal investigation might have brought Erics interview forward to save time in the long run and to let the child go to bed, but not the Inspector. The Inspector even requests that Gerald stay as he is marrying Sheila yet does not explain why, this increases tension and makes the audience think that Sheila has done something that Gerald should know about.  Inspector: I see. Mr Croft is going to marry Miss Sheila Birling?  Gerald: (smiling) I hope so.  Inspector: (gravely) Then Id prefer you to stay  Gerald: (surprised) oh- all right.  In the beginning when the Inspector first arrives he confirms that Mr Birling is not the only person he has come to interview prompts the other characters to become worried and anxious. Birling: You didnt just come here to see me, then?  Inspector: No.  The other four exchange bewildered and perturbed glances.  At the end of Act 2. Eric leaves the house with out the Inspectors permission and the inspector insists that Eric is needed and if hes not back soon hell have to go and find him the stage directions tell us that at this, Birling and Mrs Birling exchange bewildered and rather frightened glances. By not explaining why Eric is so badly needed there he increases the tension and creates and worried atmosphere between the other characters. The Inspectors role in this play is one of a moral messenger. He is Priestleys mouth piece to speak to the audience and convince them to change for the better and not revert to the old ways. Although Eric is the only character to commit an actually criminal offence it is the other characters, who it could be said have committed the 7 deadly sins (Mrs Birling, pride, Mr Birling, greed, Sheila, envy) who the Inspector is more interested in. He focuses on moral wrongs rather than legally wrong crimes and refers to responsibility and guilt sharing rather than law-breaking and prosecution. He doesnt even take notes or make an arrangement to see Eric again, who has committed a crime. However each character is punished in an appropriate way. Birling fears for his familys reputation at the inquest; Sheila feels shame for her selfishness; Gerald has his affair revealed in front of Sheila; Mrs Birling has her illusions about her children and the respectability of her family shattered by Eric and Eric is revealed before his short sighted parents as a spoilt and inadequate young man. In each case the punishment is a consequence of their own behaviour it is not the Inspector himself that brigs about their punishment. The Inspectors main concern is to hear them confess and except at least some of the responsibility for the girls death. Inspector: (taking charge, masterfully) Stop! And be quiet for a moment and listen to me. I dont need to know anymore. Neither do you. This girl killed herself- and died a horrible death. But each of you helped to kill her. Remember that. Never forget it. (he looks from one to the other of them carefully). But then I dont think you ever will. Remember what you did, Mrs Birling. You turned her away when she most needed your help. You refused her even the pitiable little bit of organized charity you had in your power to grant her. Inspector: Just used for the end of a stupid drunken evening, as if she was an animal, a thing, not a person. No, you wont forget. (He looks at Sheila) You helped-but didnt start it. (Rather savagely to Birling)You started it. She wanted twenty-five shillings a week instead of twenty-two and sixpence. You made her pay a heavy price for that. And shell make you pay an even heavier price still. No, I dont think any of you will forget. Nor that young man Croft, though he at least had some affection for her and made her happy for a time. Well Eva Smiths gone. You cant do her anymore harm. And you cant do her any good now either. You cant even say Im sorry Eva Smith. But just remember this. One Eva Smiths has gone- but there are millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering and chance of happiness, all intertwined with our lives, and what we think and say and do. After delivering his moral message and trying to get the characters to change , the Inspector leaves, with no mention of returning or of bringing any criminal charges against Eric who has broken the law. But in fact if it is the Inspectors job to make the characters reframe from their selfish and morally wrong views then he has failed in this job as maybe only two of the characters, Sheila and Eric, who begin to change their attitudes, were as Mr Mrs Birling and Gerald quickly lapse back into their old attitudes and ways.  The Inspector abrupt departure, like his sudden arrival leaves the characters feeling shocked and stunned at what has just happened and in a n almost dream like state, wondering if it was real. This is probably why some (not all) of the characters are so quick to jump at the idea that it was all a trick and the Inspector was not an inspector. Through-out the play the Inspector adds to the tension and atmosphere. His arrival just as Mr Birling has made his (morally wrong) opinions known; this right from the start of the play supplies the audience with a dramatic irony that focuses their interests on the play and the characters. Even the atmosphere changes when the Inspector arrives, the light-hearted, happy diner party atmosphere disappears and is replaced with a harsh, truthful atmosphere. His looks and manner towards the other characters, creates tension as he isnt afraid to contradict or be rude to them even though they are his social superiors. He is or need not be a small man but however creates an impression of massiveness and of purposefulness; this comes across in the whole atmosphere he creates. He uses many tactics such as the photograph and graphically detailed descriptions to shock both the audiences and the characters. By shocking the audience he can best get across his moral warning and by shocking the other characters he can best get them to open up to him and admit their wrongs. The Inspectors overall approach to the investigation is totally irregular, which creates dramatic interest and in some points emotional conflicts which create tension and keep the audiences attention. But even after he has left, he is still creating interest and tension as the characters try to decide whether or not he was a real inspector and in fact whether or not he was actually real. A further way in which Priestley helps us to understand the Inspectors role in the play is through the Inspectors own speech. When he first arrives at the Birlings house and throughout the rest of the play, Inspector Goole keeps referring to and describing Eva Smiths death in a distasteful manner, swallowed a lot of strong disinfectant, she was in great agony her position now is that she lies with a burnt-out inside on a slab. I think this is to create an atmosphere of guilt for the Birlings in the hope that they might seriously consider what part they could have played in this tragedy.  rately steps over the normal boundaries that would appear in a criminal inquiry. The Inspector has the ingenious ability to act as a catalyst in the play extracting information from people by only saying a few words. Not as Eva Smith? As what then? She talked about herself? Did she drink much? What happened? The Inspector judges them but he offers neither punishment nor forgiveness to them. The implication is they must judge themselves. Hes giving us the rope so that well hang ourselves. Sheila says. The Inspector shows the Birlings for whom they really are, he reveals them to each other.   Eric? Oh Im afraid he may have had rather too much to drink tonight. We have a little celebration here -  Isnt he used too drinking? No off course not. Hes only a boy. We really must stop these silly pretences. This isnt the time to pretend that Eric isnt used to the drink. The Birlings are deeply affected by the Inspectors investigation yet the younger generation are more affected than the older. You seemed to have made a great impression on the child Inspector. Sheila and Eric realize where they have gone wrong and will be better people because of him. I know Im to blame -and Im desperately sorry Yet Mr and Mrs Birling seem to think that the girl,s death had nothing to do with them. Theres every excuse for what both your mother and I did-it turned out unfortunately, thats all As Sheila and Eric become more mature and face their responsibilities they begin to turn against their parents Thats just what I feel, Eric and its what they (Mr and Mrs Birling) dont seem to understand. In the beginning of the play Sheila referred to Mrs Birling as mummy and towards the end, her language becomes more formal and she calls her Mother Mirroring the fact that she has matured as she accepts her responsibilities in the death of Eva Smith. The Inspector is an eerie and supernatural character. He seems to be omniscient (all knowing.) He knows all about Eva Smiths past life and about what the Birlings have done and never seems surprised by what he hears. He knows of course he knows and I hate to think how much he knows that we dont know yet. Are you sure you dont know Priestly purposely does not use a question mark in this quote to show that the Inspector already knows the answer. The Inspector tries to account for his knowledge through items found in Eva Smiths room a diary and some letters. I had an idea it might be from something the girl herself wrote She kept a rough sort of diary. And she said there that she had to go awayShe felt thered never be anything as good again for her. The inspectors method of speech is so contradictory to the hyperbole spoken so confidently by Mr. Birling that he feels threatened by the inspectors ability to undermine his authority, Could I have a drink first, No, Yes, Alright go then.  J.B Priestley was well known for his ability to incorporate time in his plays. An Inspector Calls creates a real and believable sense of safety for the audience and collapses that gradually as the inspector develops. Throughout his life Priestley was interested in the theories of Jung and Ouspensky; this would tell us that he believed a policeman in our dreams usually signifies our conscience. The inspector has an aura of mystery that allows him to have a sharp penetrating quality gained by his inner knowledge. As the play develops the audience begin to feel that it is a slight coincidence the whole family being caught up in one girl. At the end they find out that the inspector was a fake but what it showed was that their individual actions were wrong and their actions and attitudes hurt people. In the end, like at the start of the play priestly highlights the Birlings attitudes. He moves the play into a new direction because we now know that the whole play was about showing the Birlings that their actions hurt people and their attitudes are also wrong. Also the ending showed the audience what would happen if your actions were selfish and were just about yourself. I was a warning that if you acted like the birlings bad things would happen to other people. The inspector is a dramatic device  The inspector interests the audience by being mysterious; he carries an air of authority about him.

buy custom Grill Cook Resume Restraunt essay

buy custom Grill Cook Resume Restraunt essay The business is owned and operated by by Blue Fish Grill, LLC, which is a company limited by liability. The founders of the restraunt are Harry Stevens and Linda Jones. The company is located at 398 Water St. In Mobile Alabama. The company has corporate offices at 2403 Burnett St. Mobile, Alabama. The company is engaged in provision of sea food featuring family style services of Gulf coast specialties. It has the following varieties of fried and gried foods; fish, chicken tenders, shrimp and oysters. The company main transactions revolve around purchases and sales activities each and every month.Part 1 The following are the various transactions that took place in the month of march 2010 and were recorded in the books of accounts of the company. (i)March 1, purchased cooking gas on credit from Jones investmentcompany worth $ 20,000. (ii)March 2, fish amounting to $ 15000 were sold on credit to Madan. (iii)March 10, chicken tender worth $4000 were sold on credit to mary. (iv)March 20, madan made a cash payment for the goods he took on credit. (v)March 25, the company purchased food supplies worth $ 20,000 on credit from Peter supplies agency. (vi)March 26, The disposed on of it vansat $ 500000 on cash to Peter James. (vii)March 30, fish worth $ 20500 was sold at cash to Madan and the company purchased a new van on credit from General motors at $100,000.PART 11 The company prepares its books of accounts using the following accounting principles; 1.Economic Entity Assumption The accountant keeps separate records of transactions from the ownerspersonal transactions. 2.Monetary Unit Assumption.The transaction activities of the business are recognized in dollarsand only those activities that can be recognized in dollars arerecorded in books of accounts. 3.Time Period Assumption.This is where the accountant can report the complex and ongoingactivities of the business within short period intervals. 4.Cost Principle.The cost of item is recognized at their purchasing pric e, even ifthe purchase did happen 20 years ago. 5.Full Disclosure Principle.The accountant have to disclose any important information in thefinancial statements to the owners of the company for better decisionmaking purposes. 6.Going Concern Principle.The accountant makes assumptions that the company will continue toexist long enough to achieve its objectives in preparation finalaccounts of the company. 7.Matching Principle.The company expenses are matched with revenues. 8.Revenue Recognition PrincipleIt recognizes its revenue immediately the item has been soldregardless of when the payment is going to be made. 9.Materiality.The accountant is allowed to violate other accounting principles ifthe amount in question is insignificant. Part 4The following are journal entries for the transaction that took place in the month of March 2010. Buy custom Grill Cook Resume Restraunt essay

Legalize drugs essays

Legalize drugs essays Illegal drugs influence people every day of their lives. Illegal drugs affect people whether they are users themselves, drug dealers, victims of drug-related crime, or dealing with a friend or family members addiction Illegal drugs influence people every day of their lives. Illegal drugs affect people whether they are users themselves, drug dealers, victims of drug-related crime, or dealing with a friend or family members addiction. Drugs are unhealthy and unsafe; however, prohibition is not the answer to the countrys drug problem. The United States should consider legalizing drugs and ending drug prohibition. There are several reasons to legalize drugs in the United States. Drugs should be legalized to save money, to make them safer, and to reduce drug-related crime. . Drugs are unhealthy and unsafe; however, prohibition is not the answer to the countrys drug problem. The United States should consider legalizing drugs and ending drug prohibition. There are several reasons to legalize drugs in the United States. Drugs should be legalized to save money, to make them safer, and to reduce drug-related crime. First of all, drugs should be legalized to save money. The United States spends billions of dollars every year fighting an unsuccessful drug war. The United States should legalize drugs, tax them, and save billions of dollars as an alternative. Taxes collected from legalized drug sales could be used to fund many government programs. The money could be used for treatment programs to get users off drugs and education programs to prevent children and others from using drugs in the first place. As a replacement for building and funding prisons for inmates convicted of drug-related crimes, the money could be used to build schools and fund the educational needs of children. This is how the country would save money if drugs were legalized. Second, drugs should be legalized to make them safer. Legalized drugs...

Financial Markets and Institutions, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Markets and Institutions, - Essay Example The impact of the United States to the world economy is connected to the activities happening in the NYSE (Harrison, 2011). Leading US companies have already participated in buying and selling of the shares of stocks in the NYSE. Since NYSE has been successful in trading these financial assets, its operations have expanded that now involve successful foreign companies (Kim, 2004, p. 61). The success of NYSE is crucial to the US economy because the companies listed in this financial market contribute to the nation’s economic growth. The NYSE serves as a mirror of America’s economic stability that if impeded will also have an impact to the global economy. The US economy has an effect on the global economy because the country has been active in having trade ties with other nations. If the US economy will stumble, then it can also be felt in other nations where foreign companies listed in the NYSE are headquartered. When a borrower obtains a loan from a lender, interests are added to the original amount borrowed. Interest rates have to be paid to compensate the lender, since they have given the borrower the opportunity to get the money without having to wait for a couple of days, months, or years of saving it (Heakal, 2009). There are factors that affect the determination of interest rates, and these include inflation, government, and supply and demand. When speaking of supply and demand, this would imply that if the demand for credit rises, interest rates will also increase, but if it decreases, interest rates will decrease, as well. Supply and demand have influenced interest rates in today’s economic climate. Because most people nowadays are into banking transactions, (e.g. when they open accounts in banks), money is being lent to those banks that in turn will be used by the bank for business or as an investment. Hence, the money deposited to the bank by the customer becomes the source of

SMEs in Chinas Textile and Clothing Industry Essay

SMEs in Chinas Textile and Clothing Industry - Essay Example Such situation is result from three reasons. Firstly, after China's entry of WTO, the firms in this industry are facing fierce competition from entry of foreign textile and clothing giant firms in domestic market. Secondly, the restriction from Europe and U.S. which are the main destination where Chinese clothing firms export has been published on June, 2005 (www.china.com. 2005). Finally, the recent appreciation of Chinese currency led to the decrease of export benefit; in other words, it increased the price of products in foreign market so as to reduce the product competitiveness of textile and clothing products exported. Therefore, regarding the serious situation they never met, it is essential to investigate and find out the most effective and successful way of exporting, especially for small- and medium- firms in China's textile and clothing industry. The main aim of this study is to investigate the export methods and their influence on performance of small- and medium- firms (SMEs) in China's textile and clothing industry. ... Such situation is result from three reasons. Firstly, after China's entry of WTO, the firms in this industry are facing fierce competition from entry of foreign textile and clothing giant firms in domestic market. Secondly, the restriction from Europe and U.S. which are the main destination where Chinese clothing firms export has been published on June, 2005 (www.china.com. 2005). Finally, the recent appreciation of Chinese currency led to the decrease of export benefit; in other words, it increased the price of products in foreign market so as to reduce the product competitiveness of textile and clothing products exported. Therefore, regarding the serious situation they never met, it is essential to investigate and find out the most effective and successful way of exporting, especially for small- and medium- firms in China's textile and clothing industry. 1.2 Objective of the Study The main aim of this study is to investigate the export methods and their influence on performance of small- and medium- firms (SMEs) in China's textile and clothing industry. With this purpose, the study is going to identify the export method that is most frequently used and preferred to employ by SMEs when they engage in international export activities; furthermore, will also try to explore the method that is the most effective and successful for SMEs to penetrate into foreign markets as judged by export performance, so as to provide some information which could be useful in companies decision-making about the future exporting and the factors deciding it. Specifically, the objective of this study can be concluded as follows, Investigating the difference of employed export method of SMEs in terms of different

English literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

English literature - Essay Example ell, they have not hesitated on a single occasion to reject any single possibility to attain it, even at the cost of inflicting unimaginable effect of harm to their fellow human beings. Such desperate attempt of power mongering commenced centuries ago but as the civilization has progressed it has taken a more brutal and naked form. Aristotle perhaps visualized the ongoing process of crime against humanity; thus, he remarked prophetically, â€Å"The fact is that the greatest crimes are caused by excess and not by necessity. Men do not become tyrants in order that they may not suffer cold; and hence great is the honor bestowed, not on him who kills a thief, but on him who kills a tyrant.† (Aristotle, Part VII) On the other hand it quite astonishing to see that no matter how much the tyrants and power mongers attempt to inflict the torture over humanity but they have not been able to destroy the spirit and essence of humanity completely. Human beings, even in today’s world of moral corruption as well as mutual distrust are ready to stretch their hands for helping others. Through literature, music and different other forms of arts they protest against such senseless process of crime against humanity by their human counterparts. Through analysis of certain stories and a movie Born on the Fourth of July, we will try to understand whether mutual struggle of human beings has really been able to retain human nature and values. At the same time we will also see to which magnitude crime against humanity has extended its scope to violate the bond of human fellowship. 1. Born on the Fourth of July/ This film was released in the year 1989 and has been made by deriving inspiration from the autobiography with the same name, from a veteran of Vietnam War, Ron Kovic. Though Ron was born and brought up in a family, having a strong patriotic background but after observing the reality of the Vietnam War though his own eyes, Ron was completely disillusioned about the act of warfare.

Management and Operations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management and Operations - Assignment Example For this reason, Platz business center will engage in proper logistics and supply chain management that will ensure that our products and services remain competitive in the market. Logistics management involves the process of making a product or a service valuable to the customers and suppliers. For this purpose, time and place utility are very important. Logistics management within the supply chain must therefore be a process adding value to the product or service (Larson Pg 18). We will therefore ensure that all our products are available in the market at all times. We also intend to engage in E-commerce. We shall establish a 24/7 business website that will engage in selling our products and service online. This will be assisted by the strong internet advertisement strategies that are already in place. The emergence of e-commerce has allowed logistic management to place many firms strategically in order to exploit the potential chances available within the internet. However, despit e the simplicity that logistic management provides to e-commerce, there is still a fact that Platz Nail salon and Spa goods and services must be transported from place to another. Our products are both necessity and luxurious and fulfilling customers’ needs and demands are our major motive (Blanchard Pg 43). Logistics management is the process involving the flow of goods, information, and other resources such as people, energy from the point where a product or a service is raw material to the final or end user with the aim of the end user paying the least cost possible. Logistics management has a functional role of improving the cost of a product and a service. Our consumers will be willing to spend more for products and services with higher quality and value. For this reason, the process of logistic management plays a big role in adding value to our products and goods. This may be in the form of processing and manufacturing of the product or the service. It is argued out tha t logistics costs come second after the cost of goods or services. Our business will employ a minimum of 50 employees. Amongst the important positions are human resource manager, sales and marketing manager, head of technical services, and other related employees. Staff and employees must be licenced as professionals who can safely work in Nail salon and Spa. The staff must renew their licences every year to ensure professionalism is maintained. However, regular training and evaluations will be provided in order to keep the staff updated with the latest skills. Payment will be according to qualifications and as per the recommendations by the government and labour laws. Our salon will have external advisors who will be paid depending on their work. A contract will be provided to Price Water Coopers Company who will be responsible for auditing the firm performance and providing both legal and accounting advice. In addition to this, the business will hire a team of business lawyers who will be providing legal advice and representing the business in business related legal issues. In addition to this, Allianz Australia insurance company will insure Platz Nail Salon and Spa employees under life insurance policy cover. This is mandatory for every employee that works at the centre and must have a pension scheme as required by the government. Workers compensation is mandatory from the salon. The insurance company

Theology of Immigration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theology of Immigration - Assignment Example While Congress is making new laws evangelical Christians, on the other hand, are protesting and trying to make sure that these laws are in accordance with the teachings of the bible regarding immigration and how immigrants should be treated. An immigration law that ensures justice, values an individual’s self-esteem and does not affect the country’s image as a welcoming country. A fair immigration law will help in making the country’s economy and society stronger. Immigrants have played a significant role both in American history and bequest, due to this American’s should encourage immigrants to take part as American citizens who pay taxes, vote in elections and work legally (Staver, 2013). Immigration laws should consist of suitable fines, timings to wait for their hearings, a proper background check should be done, confirmation regarding honorable character and loyalty towards America by learning their native language. The Bible regarding the issue of im migration states that people need to make to make a choice between greeting the immigrants which will direct them towards endless paradise and not greeting the immigrants will direct them towards endless penalty. (Staver, 2013) In this paper, we will discuss what the Bible says regarding the issue of immigration and will also put light on the issue of Iraqi immigrants and what the Christians have to say about it.   The topic of immigration usually creates a gap between devoted parishioners and denominational ministers, a number of Catholic bishops believe that illegal immigrants should be given official pardon. They are constantly working in the favor of open borders. The codes of conduct stated by their religion are the basis for many American policies and their politics. The Christians who form the policies and the Christian citizens of the United States may perhaps want to take into account how the Bible looks at the issue of immigration. The United States has an extensive rela tionship with Christianity and its effect on the process of policymaking. The Bible clearly states rules about some issues of public policy making, however on a few issues nothing is said clearly so people themselves have to interpret what the Bible is saying.   (Edwards, 2009) The Bible has told its people the role God has determined for the Civil Government of the country. It specifies that those with power need to maintain law and order in the country, look after the citizens and penalize those who commit a crime.   (Edwards, 2009) In 1 Peter 2:13-14 NIV it is said: â€Å"Submit yourselves for the Lord's sake to every authority instituted among men: whether to the king, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right.† This tells us that those who are making the laws have a very serious responsibility given to them.  

Management and Operations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management and Operations - Assignment Example For this reason, Platz business center will engage in proper logistics and supply chain management that will ensure that our products and services remain competitive in the market. Logistics management involves the process of making a product or a service valuable to the customers and suppliers. For this purpose, time and place utility are very important. Logistics management within the supply chain must therefore be a process adding value to the product or service (Larson Pg 18). We will therefore ensure that all our products are available in the market at all times. We also intend to engage in E-commerce. We shall establish a 24/7 business website that will engage in selling our products and service online. This will be assisted by the strong internet advertisement strategies that are already in place. The emergence of e-commerce has allowed logistic management to place many firms strategically in order to exploit the potential chances available within the internet. However, despit e the simplicity that logistic management provides to e-commerce, there is still a fact that Platz Nail salon and Spa goods and services must be transported from place to another. Our products are both necessity and luxurious and fulfilling customers’ needs and demands are our major motive (Blanchard Pg 43). Logistics management is the process involving the flow of goods, information, and other resources such as people, energy from the point where a product or a service is raw material to the final or end user with the aim of the end user paying the least cost possible. Logistics management has a functional role of improving the cost of a product and a service. Our consumers will be willing to spend more for products and services with higher quality and value. For this reason, the process of logistic management plays a big role in adding value to our products and goods. This may be in the form of processing and manufacturing of the product or the service. It is argued out tha t logistics costs come second after the cost of goods or services. Our business will employ a minimum of 50 employees. Amongst the important positions are human resource manager, sales and marketing manager, head of technical services, and other related employees. Staff and employees must be licenced as professionals who can safely work in Nail salon and Spa. The staff must renew their licences every year to ensure professionalism is maintained. However, regular training and evaluations will be provided in order to keep the staff updated with the latest skills. Payment will be according to qualifications and as per the recommendations by the government and labour laws. Our salon will have external advisors who will be paid depending on their work. A contract will be provided to Price Water Coopers Company who will be responsible for auditing the firm performance and providing both legal and accounting advice. In addition to this, the business will hire a team of business lawyers who will be providing legal advice and representing the business in business related legal issues. In addition to this, Allianz Australia insurance company will insure Platz Nail Salon and Spa employees under life insurance policy cover. This is mandatory for every employee that works at the centre and must have a pension scheme as required by the government. Workers compensation is mandatory from the salon. The insurance company

High school's english programe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

High school's english programe - Essay Example As part of my high school syllabus, I studied English language and developed sound command over my reading, writing and verbal skills. However, today when I critically evaluate the effectiveness of the offered program, I strongly feel that the program lacked certain aspects which could have helped me in my later life. Assessment of program The program’s primary focus was on improving communication capabilities and reading and writing skills of students. The courses were mandatory and were offered in a single level with no optional variants for foreign students. As a result, it became a cause of stress for pupils and many students found it to be burdensome. I, being a foreign student, was also part of this group that found the course to be difficult. It is vital that students must like what they study and teachers must ensure to develop their interest in the subjects instead of forcing them to study for it. They must be given personal choices to select which subjects they find most interesting to study as part of high school program. English language is a diversified course and requires keenness and concentration of students in order to maximize learning. Lack of interest in the subject led many students to achieve bad grades and lose respect for it. Teachers and mentors should not have sole right to define what is significant for literacy of students; instead, electives must be offered and students can attend orientation sessions to decide whether they feel the need to choose the course. Moreover, mentors must provide fair guidance to students to assist them in comprehending how different choices will affect their development plans and which course shall suit them the best. Another shortcoming in this program pertained to the teaching styles of faculty members belonging to this discipline. They emphasized greatly on improving writing skills of students, which worked out effectively for many of them in classroom sessions and group activities. However, som e students faced obstacles when they were asked to write on own self. When writing tasks were given for homework, teachers expected the students to magically produce a perfect paper within tentative deadline. Ideally, teachers should conduct reading sessions in class while elaborating on context and meaning of text comprehensively. Additionally, there should be role-play acts and similar interactional activities based on content of English syllabus and textbooks. This would help students develop a structural understanding of the big picture, build images in mind and make connections and networks between different texts to fill the gaps. Despite of large sizes of batches, teachers ensured to pay individual attention to students who were weaker and needed more efforts from mentors. Monitoring was rigorous and strict and teachers were able to identify intellect of each student, tailoring teaching methods accordingly. However, cultural aspects were largely neglected by staff members. Th e school was one of the best institutes in the country and thus various students came in from different backgrounds, races and cultures. English language also represents a cultural study and is comprehended distinctly by different classes of students. There were no indications in the existing curriculum regarding the need for cultural diversity. As a result, students moved at different paces in studies with foreign students lagging behind.

Hr Manuel-Hbm Pharmaceuticals Lahore Essay Example for Free

Hr Manuel-Hbm Pharmaceuticals Lahore Essay There are certain easons behind adapting the employee recommendations intensively. Firstly, current employees know the best about the jobs need to be filled so, they can better recommend person who can better perform the particular jobs. Secondly, current employees will never suggest an applicant unless they make sure that he or she can perform confidently in front of managers. Because sending incapable applicant distort the image of employee who is promoting new applicant. 3. 1. 2. External searches: Other sources of recruitment are newspaper advertisements. This is the most popular method the company uses when it wants to publicly announce about its vacancies. Besides, HBM also use notifications pasting on different locations like walls and polls. The notification carries information of ‘Argent need of medical representative†. This help company to generate wide pool of applicant for the recruitment purpose Recommendations: Our company HBM uses advertisements for recruitment but company should also use the cyberspace method for recruitment. This method will ultimately help company to reduce its recruitment cost. Universities and collages notifications: HBM should use university and collages as sources of recruitment. Company should place information on the universities and collages notice boards and the websites. There company can capture fresh candidates. This method is also a cost effective method and beneficial for the recruitment. 3. 2. Selection phase: Company selection criteria include number of step the candidate has to pass through. 3. 2. 1. Initial screening: At this stage of selection, criterion company see that if candidate is fulfilling the minimum qualification, the candidate who meets the minimum qualification standard is then passed and eligible for the next coming stage. Rests of the candidates are rejected. 3. 2. 2. Completed application: HBM use a simple application form which contains simple questions like Name, Address, Telephone and Other personal information. It may include candidate’s experience, education and other experience certificates. Upon verification, if company finds any information faked, the candidate can be rejected. 3. 2. 3. Employment test: Because HBM’s major workforce is SPO (Sales Promotion Officer), merely SPO’s are required to qualify in the test. This simple test is based on memory the candidate is required to memorize medicine literature then his pronunciation, speaking fluency is checked. The pass candidates proceed for the next stage. In contrast, HBM does not take any test for candidates who are striving for other professions like accountant, storekeeper and security guard. Comprehensive interview: Here directors and zonal sales managers take the comprehensive interview. Applicant’s confidence and its emotional stability are checked here. Almost all candidates, belong to different knowledge background are required to pass through the comprehensive interview in order to check their confidence level. 3. 2. 5. Unconditional Job offers: After the comprehensive interview if applicants perform intelligently, HBM will offer conditional or unconditional job. Recommendations: HBM should use employment test for accountants, storekeepers and other applicants in order to measure applicant’s abilities, communication skills and analytical skills. Depending, which applicant fall in which category that’s how company can fill vacancy with who is better fit for the particular job. SPO’s should also be given test to gauge their selling techniques as they spend most of their time in selling medicine. SPO’s personal grooming should be give significant importance during hiring process. For Accountant position, HBM must take test to make sure their analytical skills 4. Socialization and Orientation Plan: Loneliness and a feeling of isolation are not unusual for new employees-they need special attention to put them at ease. So, the organization must follow the socialization process to update each new employee about the values and norms of working at HBM Pharmaceuticals. 4. 1. Socialization Process: †¢ Pre-arrival stage: The organization will use selection process to inform prospective employees about the organization as a whole. †¢ Encounter stage: If the new employees found the differences between their expectations about job and reality then these employees should be socialized to detach them from their previous assumptions and replace these with the organizations’ pivotal standards. †¢ Metamorphosis stage: Higher management will provide help to recently hired employees in case of any problem they faced during working in the organization. Each individual should be informed about the evaluation process. That is, they’ve gained an understanding of what criteria will be used to measure and appraise their work. A trusted environment should be developed and maintained by the higher management so that each employee should feel comfortable to work with the organization. Socialization of new employees can also be possible through the new-employee orientation process. 4. 2. New-employee Orientation Process: Activities that introduce new employees to the organization and their work units are the part of orientation. 4. 2. 1. The CEO’s Role in Orientation: The CEO as the head of the company’s executive management should participate in the orientation process to encourage new employees to work for this organization and also let the new employees to talk about their concerns. The CEO should visit each regional office at the announced date for at least once in a month to meet collectively with all new employees. 4. 2. 2 HRM’s Role in Orientation: The role of Human Resource Department is very important in the orientation because generally this department is responsible for recruiting and selection process. Currently, as there is no functional HR Department in the HBM Pharmaceuticals, so it is the duty of Director Sales and Zonal Sales Managers (ZSM’s) to play their role by conducting the official gatherings where the new employees will meet with the old employees and their interactions will develop. If the new employee is hire as Regional Sales Manager (RGM) or Zonal Sales Manager (ZSM) then The CEO will be present at the orientation ceremony. If the new employee is hired at other position, except that mentioned above, than the ZSM’s are responsible for orientation. ZSM should offer these new employees what else he/she can do for them in the future. 5. Training and Development Plan: 5. 1. Employee Training: There are two types of training available in HBM Pharmaceuticals: one for the new hiring and the other is for the existing employees. 5. 1. 1. New employees: Training is only available for new hiring as Sales Promotion Officer (SPO). It is mandatory that new employees for all other positions available should be experienced and they should have the skill set required for the specific job. 5. 1. 2. Existing employees: Major portion of job positions in HBM Pharmaceuticals is sales oriented. If the employee at certain level is not fulfilling his/her responsibilities according to the job description then he/she will be offered a training session by his/her immediate officer. In that meeting, problem should be discussed with the targeted employee and try to identify the potential solution for that problem. If the officer recommends then the employee should be sent on training. Training can also be offered in such a case if the existing employee is promoted from one position to other position and the management perceives that training is needed to enhance the skill set and abilities of the employee. 5. 2. Determining training needs: 5. 2. 1. SPO: The job of Sales Promotion Officer is very critical for the organization. Newly hired SPO should be offered 1 month training: to enhance his/her subjective knowledge about the products; to increase communication skills; and to develop the interpersonal skills to work as a team. Existing SPO’s have to fulfill their targets. If any SPO is unable to fulfill his/her target then RSM/ZSM will discuss the matter with him/her at weekly meeting. RSM/ZSM will try to identify and solve the problem. If the SPO can not improve his/her performance after the counseling session then RSM/ZSM can recommend a training session for the particular employee. 5. 2. 2. Office staff: Training will be offered to office staff if working pattern has changed in the organization. For example: by implementing new technology equipment, or the addition of new process in the job description of office staff. 5. 2. 3. RSM/ZSM: These are experienced staff. Their responsibilities are also high because it is their duty to manage a group of subordinates. Managerial level skills are required for that job. If the employee at this position has some problem regarding his/her attitude or leading a team then Director Sales can recommend a training session to enhance their interpersonal skills as well as their leadership skills. 5. 2. 4. The CEO and Director Sales: HBM Pharmaceuticals is a partnership concern and it is owned by two persons: one is CEO and other is Director Sales. So, training is the personal discretion of these two individuals. If they think that through training, they can manage their business more effectively then they can go for a training session. 5. 3. Training Methods: There are several methods which can be used by the management to train their employees according to their needs and the job position. 5. 3. 1. SPO: For new joining SPO’s, it is most appropriate to use â€Å"classroom lectures† to train them because this is the method used to increase their subjective skills. It will also helpful for them to enhance their communication skills. For existing SPO’s to increase their productivity, RSM/ZSM should meet them personally and give them personal support. Due to this meeting, the problem will be solved and along with benefit, SPO’s morale will be increased. 5. 3. 2. RSM/ZSM: Classroom lectures as well as On-the-Job Training Methods are used to train RSM/ZSM. Director Sales will recommend the most appropriate method according to the situation and problem. 5. 4. Employee Development: Employee development focuses more on the employee’s personal growth. Successful employees prepared for positions of greater responsibility have analytical, human, conceptual and specialized skills. 5. 4. 1. Employee Development Methods: There are several methods which are used to develop managerial and non-managerial staff. Appropriate method selection will depends on situation. 5. 4. 2. Developing Office Staff: Job Rotation is the appropriate and recommended method to develop office staff. The concerned authority can choose horizontal or vertical Job Rotation to develop office staff according to the skill set of the staff. 5. 4. 3. Developing SPO to Senior SPO: Job Rotation is a good method to develop the abilities of SPO so that he/she can become Senior SPO. Vertical Job Rotation can be selected for this situation. 5. 4. 4. Developing Senior SPO to RSM: RSM is quite big position for senior SPO. So it is recommended that â€Å"Assistant-to-Position method† should be used to develop senior SPO to RSM. Senior SPO will work as an assistant to RSM to get in depth knowledge of the responsibilities of RSM and he/she can develop himself/herself in a better way according to the new responsibilities. 5. 4. 5. Developing RSM to ZSM: RSM and ZSM both are managerial positions and the position holders are experienced professionals. The only difference is the level of responsibility. ZSM is responsible for the sales of whole zone which is a quite big responsibility. Therefore, it is recommended that â€Å"Assistant-to-Position Method† and â€Å"Lecture courses and Seminars† are used to enhance the decision making skills of RSM and to improve more team management skills. 5. 4. 6. Developing ZSM to Director Sales: In the current organization settings, ZSM can only become Director if he/she became the partner of HBM Pharmaceuticals. It is recommended that the position of Director Sales should not be fixed for Partners and ZSM should be developed to this position on the base of his/her performance. 6. Performance Appraisals: Performance appraisals must convey to employees how well they have performed on established goals. It’s also desirable to have these goals and performance measures mutually set between the employee and the supervisor. 6. 1. Appraisal Methods: There are several methods which are used by management to evaluate employee performance. According to the nature of business of HBM Pharmaceuticals, we are recommending a method called â€Å"Using Achieved Outcomes to Evaluate Employees† or â€Å"Management by Objectives (MBO)†. 6. 1. 1. Management by Objectives (MBO): Four ingredients are common to MBO program: 6. 1. 1. 1. Goal specificity: The objectives in MBO should be concise statements of expected accomplishments. Tangible objectives should be expressed in the statements. 6. 1. 1. 2. Participative Decision Making: Participative decision making should be used by manager and employees, in setting objectives and agrees on how they will be achieved. As the interests of managers and employees are directly linked with stretched objectives and achievement of these objectives then they will definitely put their maximum effort to achieve those objectives. 6. 1. 1. 3. An explicit time period: Each objective has a concise time, too, in which it is to be completed. In our situation, it is 1 month. 6. 1. 1. 4. Performance Feedback: Continuous feedback on performance and goals are recommended. Twice a week meeting should be conducted by ZSM to get performance feedback and to discuss the routine matters with the field staff and to countercheck the performance whether the sales are meting the monthly goal plan. 6. 2. Performance Evaluation Standards and Appraisals: There are different performance evaluation standards for different positions: 6. 2. 1. Office Staff: If the office staff performs their responsibilities according to their Job Description then their salary will be increased by Rs. 500 quarterly. If the employee performance is excellent from consecutive 3 months then a special pay raise can be offered by the Director Sales. 6. 2. 2. SPO: Each SPO has some sales targets given by RSM/ZSM. It is his/her responsibility to fulfill those targets. Performance Appraisal meetings should be conducted at the end of each quarter. Upon the achievement of 80% targets for consecutive 4 months: 30% basic pay rise. Upon the achievement of 80% targets for consecutive 3 months: 20% basic pay rise. 6. 2. 3. RSM/ZSM: Upon the achievement of 80% targets for consecutive 4 months: 30% basic pay rise.

ICT Security Issues And Concerns

ICT Security Issues And Concerns ICT security issues and concerns are becoming more prevalent and increasingly complex as the pace of technology implementation continues to accelerate. How this phenomenon has affected the public sector and the private sector in our country. Discuss Each e-government project has its own version of the framework, where elements within the four components may differ according to the individuals agencys business or technical needs. List and explain the function of the components. 1.0 Introduction: ICT is the technology needed for information processing, in general, the use of electronic computers, software applications and communication devices to convert, retrieve, transmit, process, protect and store information from anytime, anywhere. Information and communications technology also known as (ICT) it is the sectors that process information which includes capturing, transmitting, and displaying information using electronic systems. Information communication technology sectors dont stop transforming our everyday life and economy. This sectors Core industries contain: Communications systems contain broadcasting, cable / broadband, telecommunications, and other program that distributes the systems. Computer systems including, network engineering, robotics, electronics, technical support and computer engineering. Software and digital media contains Internet security, web portals, web design, data management, computer animation, simulations, computer games, video games and computer programming. Information communication technology is the technology that needed for information processing such as for the creation, manipulation, storage, retrieval and communication of information. They are of immense value in a world in which there is an information explosion, and where knowledge is complex, ever-changing and cross-disciplinary in nature. Many of the skills of ICT are important aspects of Information Literacy, which relates to the ability to select, organise, analyse and use information effectively. Quick and effective access to information is regarded as essential for everyone in contemporary society; and the ability to construct knowledge from the information gathered has become crucial in Hong Kongs knowledge-based society. Citizens in the 21st century need to understand and be able to use ICT in order to function efficiently in modern society. To maintain the competitiveness of Hong Kong in the world economy, we need to develop interest and nurture talent in our students i n this area. The importance of ICT does not lie in the technology as such, but in its enabling function for access to knowledge and for communication with others. Rapid advances in ICT have continued to drive economic change, restructure businesses, affect education and employment, and contribute significantly to growth and wealth creation. (NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA) 2.0 Answer Question 1: Ways severely harm your businesss effect 2.1 Virus: Computer viruses may be benign and result only in amusement or slight annoyance. The best known examples of such a virus are some versions of the Stoned virus which simply write Your computer is stoned on the monitor. Other viruses are more malignant and malicious, destroying or altering data. Once a virus is active in a host computer, the infection can spread rapidly throughout a network to other systems. A virus may attach itself to other programs and hide in them. Or it may infiltrate the computers operating system. All computer operating systems, (for example, MS- and PCDOS, Unix and Macintosh OS) are vulnerable, some more than others. Viruses enter computer systems from an external software source. Just as flowers are attractive to the bees that pollinate them, virus host programs are deliberately made attractive to victims. Often the attraction will be a new game made available for downloading from a computer bulletin board. Or it may be disguised as an executable file attached to an electronic mail message from a friend or business associate. Aside from viruses, there are other threats to user systems, including: Worm and Logic Bombs. (McAFEE Network Security Management) 2.1.2 Worm: Viruses are far from the only maverick programs that can disrupt a computer system. Worms are constructed to infiltrate genuine data processing programs and destroy or alter the data. Often what people believe is a virus infection is, in fact, a worm program. This is not as serious because worms do not replicate themselves. But the damage caused by a worm attack can be just as serious as a virus, especially if not discovered in time. For example, suppose a worm program instructs a banks computer to transfer funds to an illicit account. The fund transfers may continue even after the worm is destroyed. However, once the worm invasion is discovered, recovery is much easier because there is only a single copy of the worm program to destroy since the replicating ability of the virus is absent. This capability may enable it to re-infect a system several times. A worm is similar to a benign tumour while a virus is like a malignant one. (NC STATE UNIVERSITY) 2.1.3 Logic Bombs: Writing a logic bomb program is similar to creating a Trojan Horse. Both also have about the same ability to damage data, too. Logic bombs include a timing device so it will go off at a particular date and time. The Michelangelo virus is embedded in a logic bomb, for example. Other virus programs often include coding similar to that used in logic bombs, but the bombs can be very destructive on their own, even if they lack the ability of the virus to reproduce. One logic bomb caused major problems in the Los Angeles water departments system. Logic bombs are usually timed to do maximum damage. That means the logic bomb is a favoured device for revenge by disgruntled former employees who can set it to activate after they have left the company. One common trigger occurs when the dismissed employees name is deleted from payroll records. On one occasion, a student left a logic bomb timed to explode and wipe out his universitys records well after he had collected his degree and was long gone. This example illustrates the pernicious nature of logic bombs which can be written literally decades before they explode. (Virus Removal Support) 2.1.4 Phishing: The phishing is a common term for the creation and utilize by criminals of websites and e-mails, created to show people they come from well-known, trusted businesses and legitimate, government agencies and financial institutions attempt to gather personal, sensitive information and financial information. These criminals scam Internet users into disclosing their financial and bank information or other personal data for example passwords and usernames, or into unwittingly downloading malicious computer code onto their computers that can allow the criminals subsequent access to those computers or the users financial accounts. Nowadays most people wont reveal their credit card number, password and bank account to just anyone, extra action need to be taken by the phishers to trick their victims into giving up this information. Most of people trust automatic processes nowadays, believing them to be free from human error. However, many messages claim that a computerized audit or other automated process has revealed that something is amiss with the victims account. The victim is more likely to believe that someone has been trying to break into his account than believe that the computer doing the audit made a mistake. (HowStuffWorks, Inc ) 2.1.5 Pharming Besides, there is another threat called Pharming. Pharming means using technical means to redirect of an individual to an illegitimate entity, typically is Web site. Pharming collects personal information via redirecting Internet domain name of people requested to false Web sites. The sites can collect the information and there may be used to commit fraud and identity theft. For instance, an Internet user wishes to log in to his personal online banking account via the banking website, he/she is not really accessing the banks Web site if he/she was redirected to an illegitimate Web . Static domain name spoofing: A person or entity, normally called Pharmer, who tricks Internet users into inadvertently visiting the pharming Web site with advantage of slight misspellings of the domain names. For instance, a pharmer may use maybnk.com instead of maybank.com to redirect user. (Websense, Inc.) 2.1.6 Hacker: A hacker is someone who experts using electronics or computer systems and professional in programming. Hackers like to learn and explore how computer systems function and finding method to make them do what they do better, or do things they werent intended to do. Hacker is separate in two types which is White Hat and Black Hat: White Hat: These are considered the good guys and computer security experts. White hat hackers do not use their hacking skills to hack other people computer or some illegal purposes. They normally help other users protect from the black hats. Black Hat: These are considered the bad guys and they like to hack into other people computer to steal information such as deface websites, steal credit cards or hack bank. Black hat hackers like to use their hacking skills to do bad things for illegal purposes. A hacker can easily hack in the computer to steal information and look into the private things. The benign hacker is the person who likes to get into his/her own computer and understand how it works. The malicious hacker is the person who likes getting into other peoples systems. The benign hackers wish that the media would stop bad-mouthing all hackers and use the term attacker instead. (Introduction to Ethical Hacking) 3.0 Answer Question 2: E-Government: Terms used in this research are defined in this section to facilitate smooth and clear reading for all categories of readers. Some of the terms defined are e-Government, e-Government value chain and stakeholders, effective e-Government, and efficient e-Government. A number of definitions for e-Government have been offered in existing literature. Many terms such as digital government, inter-networked government (Tapscott, 1995) and government online has been used. The researcher deems all these terms to be synonymous. E-Government in simplest terms can be described as the use of ICT within government to make operations more efficient, improve quality of service and offer an easy access for citizens to government information and services (Kraemer and King, 2003). Kraemer also cited that Senators Lieberman and Thompson defined e-Government as a wayto better use IT advances to achieve greater effectiveness and to provide citizens easy, electronic access to government programs, services and information. (Axelsson, Karin, Linkà ¶ping University) The term e-Government also refers to the planned and coordinated use of ICT to strengthen the core functions of public institutions. Not every computer in use in the public sector amounts to e-Government. When electronic data processing emerged on a more widespread basis, its initial focus was on isolated and targeted modernization efforts in a limited number of key sectors. Today, however, the focus is on the networking of workplaces, administrations, and political institutions as well as on Information and Communications Technology based communication with customers or citizens. This calls for concepts that are geared to integrating the modernization goals and investment planning of various institutions and based on a thorough examination and analysis of service portfolios and the demand for public services. The implementation of e-Government requires strong leadership and a vision. It also requires a comprehensive strategy that is not only benchmarked on global best practices, but also sensitive to existing political and economic conditions and realities. For E-Government to become a reality, governments, in consultation with stakeholders, should follow a common nationwide strategic framework, which articulates the governments vision, targets and milestones, technical approach and standards for e-Government systems. Such a framework should also address information privacy, security, maintenance, and interface standards. (Axelsson, Karin, Linkà ¶ping University) 3.1 Four main components of E-Government: An implementation framework is designed to guide and manage the execution of the E-Government strategy. This framework is an adaptation of Accentures Business Integration Framework and can be broken down into four main components which are Programme Management, Technology, Process, and Strategy. Each E-Government project has its own version of the framework, where elements within the four components may differ according to the individual agencys business or technical needs. 3.1.1 Programme Management: The Program manager of E-Government chooses an initiative to be implemented and establish the strategy and goals that is aimed at accomplishing through this initiative. Next, the government agency that would lead this initiative is identified and agreed upon. The agreement or commitment gained from the chosen agency and governing body, acts as the green-light to go ahead with the implementation. With this, the project committee can begin to assess the policies that are dependent on the initiative. Policy amendments that are possibly required are highlighted. The framework is where all the planning processes are placed. A project plan will be planned and documented by the Program managers. Functional areas that will be targeted are identified. Critical success factors for this initiative are identified in order to maintain a focus on the objective and goals. Policies that were identified to be amended will be planned for according to relevant standards and regulations. New infrastructure that will be required are identified, planned for and scoped. With the policies in place, the program managers would now need to assess whether in-house skills and staffing resources are sufficient. Otherwise, alternatives such as short-term contracting and outsourcing would have to be selected. This is where procurement planning comes into place. (Roslind Kaur) 3.1.2 Technology: Although e-Government is often defined as online government or Internet-based government, many non-Internet based e-Government technologies can be named in this context, including telephone, fax, personal digital assistants (PDA), short messaging service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), and third-generation technology (3G), general packet radio service (GPRS), WiFi, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Bluetooth. Other technologies can include closed-circuit television (CCTV), tracking systems, radio-frequency identification (RFID),road traffic management, biometric identification, and regulatory enforcement, smart cards, identity cards, and other communication applications, polling station technology (for non-online e-voting), television and radio-based delivery of government services, online chat, electronic mailing lists and newsgroup, online community facilities, email, and other messaging technologies. Other aspects of technology to be considered in the implementation of e-Government are enablement, interoperability such as the e-Government interoperability framework (e-GIF) and semantic web issues, legacy technology, and implications for software choices (open source or proprietary software, and suitable programming languages). (OOH KIM LEAN) 3.1.3 Process: In contrast to traditional government processes, e-Government is characterized by extensive use of communication technology, the impersonal nature of the online environment and the ease of information can be collected (data-mining), processed and used by multiple parties (Warkentin, Gefen, Pavlou Rose, 2002). However, e-Government has the implicit uncertainty of using an open technological infrastructure for transaction via the newness of the communication medium interact with a government website. This would indirectly increase the spatial and temporal separation between citizens and government; more uncertainty and concern about the reliability of the underlying Internet and related government infrastructure interfaces. As overall these unique differences increase uncertainty and reduce perception of citizen control, imposing a barrier to e-Government adoption. (OOH KIM LEAN) A number of research papers in e-Government were published in recent years to help practitioners to improve government service quality, responsiveness, convenience and accessibility to both citizens in urban and rural area. Their effort can be categorized into few issues: (i) The concept, theories, history, structure, initiatives, policy, key principles, impact, challenges, and development success factors of e-Government; (ii) The technology application, 13knowledge spillover, innovative efforts and approach to facilitate e-Government implementation and evaluation; (iii) Management support or implementation strategies such as framework for managing the lifecycle of transactional e-Government services to facilitating the e-Government services. To provide more intuitive and maintainable lifecycle for electronic tax submission (one of the e-government service to citizens), government must overcome shortcoming happen during the lifecycle such as implicit knowledge, user interaction, code reusability, communication with back-end system, business reengineering required to upgrade to workflow flexibility and resolve security issue (Vassilakis, Laskaridis, Lepouras, Rouvas Georgiadis 2003) (iv) the assessment, measurement of e-Government services provided to public sector and its effects on economic, social benefits of the implementation; (v) key factors affecting acceptance , expectation and usage intention of e-Government services. (OOH KIM LEAN) 3.1.4 Strategy: The process of adopting advanced ICT solutions for the transformation of e-government faces many challenges. Due to the complex nature of these projects and the sheer number of stakeholders involved, effective visualization and management of such initiatives is highly critical but needs to be simple in order to accelerate understanding off and buy in into the framework. However it is important that the framework represent all important aspects of the e-government strategy. That said, despite years of governmental efforts to implement e-government initiatives, there are no commonly established methods and frameworks for the visualization of an overarching e-government strategy. A comprehensive framework needs to account for how the different supporting and impeding forces impacting projects being implemented as a part of such a strategy. Given that such a framework will also have a long lifecycle and encompass a broad scope, the framework also needs to remain applicable regardless of changes in the environment. As most projects go through much iteration of technical and process changes, any changes within the ecosystem should not risk the validity of the strategy framework. Hence the framework needs to be adaptable to changing environments and should be defined in a technology neutral manner. Such an approach will also allow the framework to act as the bridge between decision makers and implementers, thus reducing the mismatch between the expected versus realized outcomes. (Roslind Kaur) 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation: In my opinion, Information is the life wire of todays business organizations, institutions and industries. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) covers all advanced technologies in manipulating and communicating information. Information is an organized, meaningful and useful interpretation of data. However, Information and Communication Technologies is very important and much of benefit. Viruses are designed to proliferate and propagate. This means each and every contact between your system and any other system is an opportunity for infection. That can include floppy disks and contacts via modem (or other network connection). Be especially careful of users who frequently use a number of different systems outside your company. Hacker is also dangerous to all the computer users, a hacker can easily hack in the computer to steal information and look into the private thing. Governments around the world have pursed e-government programs seeking to electronically govern internal and external operations and to provide coherence between the various administrative government units so that they work to complement and complete each other. However, and despite the fact that many governments have injected substantial investments, most e-government initiatives in our view have not delivered the transformation environment sought from their implementation. This research study was developed to support the United Arab Emirates in pursuing its objective towards e-government transformation. It presented an innovative framework developed from a government practitioners viewpoint and in light of the existing literature in the field. The recommended approach is an amalgamation of learnings from various e-governments initiatives across the globe.

Land Use in the District of North Vancouver Essay -- Canada Environmen

Introduction Land use in the district of North Vancouver has been a very sensitive issue for many years. In this area, population growth has been substantial, especially because of the area's popular outdoor recreation opportunities. It is this relationship between population pressure and outdoor 'green zones'1 that is at the heart of the conflict in North Vancouver district. Residents are very passionate about, and emotionally attached to, the natural mountainous surroundings. Thus, when development plans were slated for Mountain Forest and Cove Forest, residents did not want development to take place in 'their forests.' The critical question is, how to incorporate influxes of people into a limited amount of urban area while keeping current residents satisfied? Stake Holders The conflict in the North Vancouver district is over the resource of land and how to use it. There are many stake holders involved in this conflict. The district owns the Mountain Forest and Cove Forest areas, and wanted to develop the areas in response to projected increases in future populations, taken from the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) reports. The individual residents of the district are also stake holders. As taxpaying members of the municipality they indirectly own the land. They are also stake holders from the point of view of citizens who live near the proposed development sites and use the forests for its recreation and aesthetic values. Other stake holders include the Lower Mainland residents; many of these people use the North Shore Mountains, and in particular Mountain and Cove Forests, for their outdoor recreation activities. If the land was to be developed they too would be affected.2 Definition of the Problem The... ...uld be informed on a continual basis as to what is happening in the development of their community. Communication is the key to having a fully functional, and well rounded community, that will be able to deal with the pressures of increased development in the Lower Mainland. Works Cited Greater Vancouver Regional District. Strategic Planning Division. Livable Region Strategic Plan. April, 1996: 2. Morton, Brian. "Anti-developers ask North Van council to save Seymour, Deep Cove forests." Vancouver Sun 6 June 1995: A2. ---. "Council convinced to save forests." Vancouver Sun 7 June 1995: B5. ---. "Residents fight to save pair of forests." Vancouver Sun 5 June 1995: B1. Smith, Desmond. "Local Area Conservation: How One Suburban Municipality Utilizes Environmental Planning to Conserve its Natural Heritage." Plan Canada September 1989. vol. 29: 39-42.

Travel Writing: Romantics to Newspaper :: Analysis Literature Traveling Essays Papers

Travel Writing: Romantics to Newspaper After reading various works from Romantic travel writers such as Gilpin, Wordsworth, Goethe and others, I was interested in how their writings' conventions have changed when a different medium is used. Every Saturday the local newspaper, The Edmonton Journal, has a section that is strictly dedicated to travel destinations and topics pertaining to travel. Appropriately named "Travel," this section describes exotic locations for tourist and travelers. Its articles contrast the Romantics' description of the environment by having less emphasis on the picturesque and sublime, more focus on historical background, and greater detail in the lives of people living there. I believe that these differences are credited largely to one factor; the writing's medium influences what is being stressed as the purpose of the writer is different. Travel articles focus largely on describing nature only in terms of basic description. When referencing a scene with specific characteristics (such as cliffs, waterfalls or mountains) the Romantic writer describes the scene as if the reader has very little experience or expectation for what the scene should look like. The result is often elaborate description after elaborate description. Newspaper travel sections do not concern themselves with such sensory description near the same extent for a number of reasons. The newspaper focuses less on creating imagery for the reader because of the increase in availability to travel, images of the picturesque and sublime on television and movies, and the presence of photographs physically next to the text. 1. Nearly every article, within this section, is accompanied by a large photograph showing the landscape. By presenting the writers' description of the land next to the photograph, the article intrinsically promotes a comparison by the reader, contrasting the colourful photograph with the writer's words. If the photograph presents a landscape different from the vivid description of the travel writer (which inevitably happens with readers' mental constructs) the reader will find it hard to trust the writer in the accuracy of description. The writer wisely follows the saying that a "picture says a thousand words" and is better off letting the picture do the talking. After all, the journalist has less space and more constrictions than the novelist does. 2. The dominant concern for the travel journalist is conveying what they want in a limited space. The journalist does not have space to elaborately describe every cliff, river or valley. It is, therefore, up to the writer to assume that, with the addition of the given photographs, the reader would be able to visualize a serene waterfall or placid lake.